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ورشکستگی دولت و امنیتیشدن سیاست خارجی افغانستان (۲۰۲۱-۲۰۰۱) | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
دوره 17، شماره 1، شهریور 1403، صفحه 283-307 اصل مقاله (806.51 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2024.354535.450126 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سید احمد فاطمی نژاد* 1؛ محمدشریف تنیوال2 | ||
1استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
پس از بازگشت دوبارۀ طالبان به قدرت در افغانستان، نقاط ضعف و قوت حکومت پیشین در سالهای ۲۰۰۱ تا ۲۰۲۱، بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. یکی از نکتههای قابل توجه درمورد سیاست خارجی افغانستان در دورۀ پیشین امنیتیشدن آن است. در این مقاله امنیتیشدن سیاست خارجی افغانستان در دورۀ یادشده، مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد و نقش ورشکستگی دولت کابل در این وضعیت سنجیده میشود. پرسش اصلی این است که: ورشکستگی دولت چه نقشی در امنیتیشدن سیاست خارجی افغانستان در سالهای ۲۰۰۱ تا ۲۰۲۱ داشتهاست؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه مطرح میشود که ناامنی، بیثباتی سیاسی و ناکارآمدی اقتصادی، موجب امنیتیشدنِ سیاست خارجی افغانستان در دورۀ ۲۰۰۱ تا ۲۰۲۱ شدهاست. برای آزمون این فرضیه، از ترکیب مفهوم «شبهدولت» رابرت جکسون و نظریۀ امنیتیشدن مکتب کپنهاگ بهعنوان چارچوب نظری، استفاده خواهدشد. روشِ پژوهش در این مقاله، روش کیفی و براساس تحلیل متنهای موجود در مورد چگونگی سیاستگذاری خارجی افغانستان است. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که ورشکستگی دولت و بهدنبال آن تهدید نظام جمهوری در افغانستان، دولتمردان افغانستان را به پیگیری رویکرد امنیتی در سیاستخارجی این کشور برای حفظ دولت و بقای نظام واداشت. این رویکرد، حدود بیست سال بر سیاست خارجی افغانستان حاکم بود و کمکهای سیاسی، نظامی و مالیِ فراوانی را، از سوی جامعۀ بینالمللی بهویژه آمریکا بههمراه داشت. با اینحال، دستاوردهای آن پایدار نبود. نظام جمهوریاسلامی افغانستان سقوط کرد و جای خود را به امارت اسلامی داده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
امنیتیشدن؛ شبهدولت؛ سیاست خارجی؛ دولت ورشکسته؛ افغانستان | ||
مراجع | ||
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