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تحولات داخلی افغانستان و تغییر در راهبرد سیاست خارجی آمریکا | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 16، شماره 1، شهریور 1402، صفحه 99-123 اصل مقاله (656.52 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2023.340213.450064 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علیرضا خسروی* 1؛ علینقی فیاض2 | ||
1استادیارگروه روابط بین الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانش آموخته دکترای روابط بینالملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
«راهبرد ضدتروریسم» بوش، «راهبرد ضدشورش» اوباما و «راهبرد صفرپایه» ترامپ سه راهبرد جداگانۀ دولت آمریکا در سه دورۀ ریاستجمهوری در افغانستان است که سرانجام با خروج نیروهای آمریکایی، به پذیرش قدرت همان گروهی منجر شد که 20 سال پیش در سال 2011 با هدف نابودی دولت طالبان به روند حضور شکل داد. در این نوشتار ضمن تلاش برای ارائۀ شواهد تأییدکنندۀ این تغییر راهبرد و تعارض آن با راهبردی کلان و با کانونبودن یکی از سطحهای تحلیل نظریۀ روزنا که تمرکز خود را به تحولات محیط داخلی افغانستان قرار میدهد؛ بهدنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که شواهد تغییر در رویکرد سیاست خارجی آمریکا پیرامون افغانستان در سه دوره یادشده کدامند و چه رابطهای میان تحولات داخلی افغانستان با این تغییرها وجود دارد؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح میشود که نقش گروههای معارض داخلی و قدرتیابی آنها در این سه دوره مهمترین عامل ایجاد تغییر رویکرد سیاست خارجی آمریکا در دوران بوش، اوباما و ترامپ است. یافتههای این نوشتار با توجه به اسناد بالادستی آمریکا نشان میدهند که پیگیری راهبردهای متعارض با اهداف اولیه ناشی از شکست راهبردی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا در برابر اقدامهای گروههای مسلح مانند طالبان ، قدرتیابی آنها و هزینههای روزافزون بوده است. با توجه به رویکرد بررسی مقایسهای و تمرکز بر مرحلۀ توصیفی آن، روش مورد استفاده در این نوشتار کیفی و از نوع مقایسهای است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آمریکا؛ افغانستان؛ سیاست خارجی؛ راهبرد؛ اوباما؛ بوش؛ ترامپ | ||
مراجع | ||
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