Diagnosis of syphilis in human bone residues Its arrival and prevalence in Europe and Iran during the Safavid era | ||
| باستان پژوه | ||
| Article 8, Volume 21, Issue 27, November 2028, Pages 114-141 PDF (745.61 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| Authors | ||
| Elham Farnam1; Elnaz Moghaddasian2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate of Archeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2M.A. in Archaeology | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Syphilis is a chronic, multi-stage infection caused by a bacterium from the Spiroct family and it's usually sexually transmitted. and it is characterized by the alternation of active and hidden periods. This disease is known as "Kuft" or "Atshk" in Iran. Since the first syphilis epidemic emerged shortly after Christopher Columbus returned from expeditions (1493). The theory has been proposed that syphilis brought from the new continent. In the final stage of the disease certain bone lesions occur and excessive periosteal sedimentation can cause bending in Tibia and with less prevalence, in the Ulna and Radius. Involvement and inflammation of joints have also been recorded in clinical and archaeological samples. In the skull, syphilis gives the skull a "worm-eaten" appearance. In some other diseases, a very small percentage of people develop bone lesions similar to syphilis, including Yaz and Begel. These diseases appear with appearance lesions at the place of transmission, spreading bacteria throughout the body and extensive lesions (second stage), continuity over the years without symptoms (latent) possible late destructive lesions (third stage) of different organs, including bone. Despite the importance of cases with a reliable history in discussing the origin of syphilis, most authors have not described the methods used for chronology of bone samples used in detail. Generally, after reviewing the current evidence about syphilis and its prevalence in ancient societies, it seems that certain regions of the world, including Iran, need to more study. Probably, increasing attention of researchers to less studied places may shed light on the history of this infection in human populations around the world. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Palaeopathology; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Kuft; Periosteal Reactions; False Bow (Saber shin) | ||
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