The Gender Division of Labor during the Proto Elamite period in Late 4th millennium Iran in Susa, Malyan and Yahya | ||
| باستان پژوه | ||
| Article 6, Volume 21, Issue 27, November 2028, Pages 74-95 PDF (798.65 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| Authors | ||
| Donya Etemadifar1; Rouhollah Yousefi Zoshk2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate of Archeology, | ||
| 2Assossiate Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology, Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva Branch, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This article examines unilateral models of craft specialization and gender division of labor in pastoral nomad societies reach the highest level of complexity in Iranian plateau in late 4th millennium. Gender archaeology is an important issue that has been seriously investigated in the last few decades which addresses gender differences between men and women throughout history.In Proto Elamite community, women involvement in non-domestic production increase as social complexity progresses. Although archaeologists have largely moved beyond these typologies, the remnants of these modes of thought are still pervasive in much of the literature on gender division of labor. This article argues that specialized production and specialist workers in proto Elamite pastoral nomad societies occurred within the household and involved the participation of men, women, and children. Using Iranian archaeology of the 4th millennium in which complex societies emerged as a reference point, this article constructs the argument that the specialized workers divided within their gender can be the center of production before pre-state political systems in a community within pastoral nomadism subsistence system. In this case, such a household production and workers ration system in a pastoral nomad society does not necessarily connote a lower level of socio-political or economic development. In this article, we explore the history of research on Proto Elamite economic systems. In particular, we direct the literature review at archaeological research on the late 4th millennium Iran. I then use these concepts to examine the role of gender in specialized household production based on the Proto Elamite written texts mainly deals with workers and ration during the proto Elamite period. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| gender; labor; Proto Elamite period; Iran; specialized worker | ||
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