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بررسی نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به تعارضات انسان-خرس قهوه‌ای در استان فارس و راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارض | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| دوره 76، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 311-323 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2023.348922.2475 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رسول خسروی* 1؛ فاطمه نجابت1؛ علیرضا محمدی2 | ||
| 1بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مدیریت درست تعارض بین انسان و حیات وحش نیازمند شناخت دقیق از درک ریسک از دید جوامع محلی و تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر نگرش افراد است. بهمنظور بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در شکلگیری تعارض خرس قهوه ای با جوامع محلی در محدوده نقاط با ریسک بالای تعارض در تعدادی از روستاهای کامفیروز (مرودشت)، استان فارس، و ارزیابی اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، پرسشنامه‌ای طراحی و با تعدادی از افراد محلی در بازة زمانی اوج تعارض مصاحبه صورت گرفت. بهمنظور ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش جوامع محلی از رگرسیون لجستیک و بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در تعارض و اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، از تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از دیدگاه مشارکت‌کنندگان، از بین رفتن زیستگاه و کمبود طعمه، تحریک حیوان و عدم آگاهی از رفتار گونه، بیشترین مرکزیت را در شبکه دارند. در بین راهکارهای پیشنهاد شده توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان، استفاده از روش های بازدارندة شنیداری و دیداری، استفاده از سگ‌های آموزش‌دیده، پرداخت غرامت، بیمه نمودن منافع، و افزایش جمعیت طعمه ها بیشترین مرکزیت را نشان دادند. براساس نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک، افرادی که حس بهتری هنگام مشاهده یا فکر کردن به خرس دارند، نسبت به خرس نگرش مثبت‌تری دارند، همچنین افرادی که خرس را دوست دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش مثبت‌تری دارند. همچنین، افرادی که سطح تعارض بالایی با گونه دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش منفی دارند. توجه به عوامل تأثیرگذار در شکل گیری نگرش جوامع محلی و درگیرکردن افراد در برنامه های حفاظت مشارکتی نقش مهمی در شناسایی راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارضات دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی نگرش؛ احساسات؛ استان فارس؛ تحلیل شبکه؛ تعارض انسان-خرس قهوه‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the attitude of local communities toward human-brown bear conflicts in Fars province and effective solutions to mitigate conflict | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rasoul Khosravi1؛ Fatemeh Nejabat1؛ Alireza Mohammadi2 | ||
| 1Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Effective management of human-wildlife conflicts requires an understanding of risk perception, peoples’ responses to conflicts, as well as the impact of socio-economic and cultural factors on people's attitudes. We designed a questionnaire form to investigate the effect of each factor on human-brown bear conflicts in the areas with a high risk of conflict in Kamfiruz (Marvdasht county, Fars), during the peak conflict period (July to September), and evaluate the contribution of the effective strategies in mitigating conflicts. We used logistic regression to evaluate the factors affecting people's attitudes and also network analysis to survey the role of each factor in human-bear conflict and the importance of effective strategies in reducing conflict. The results showed that, according to the respondent's point of view, habitat loss and scarcity of natural prey, persecuting brown bears, and lack of sufficient knowledge about the species have the most centrality in the network. Also, among the suggested solutions by the respondent's, visual or auditory deterrents, trained dogs, compensation payments, insuring, and increasing natural prey’s population had the most centrality in the network, respectively. The results of the logistic regression showed that people who feel more eager when they see or think about bears have a more positive attitude toward the species. Also, people who like brown bears have a more positive attitude towards them. On the other hand, people who have a higher level of conflict with the species have a negative attitude towards it. According to the results, considering factors influencing natives' attitudes and engaging people in collaborative conservation programs have an important role in identifying effective and applicable solutions to mitigate human-brown bear conflicts. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Attitude assessment, Emotions, Network analysis, Questionnaire analysis, Human-brwon bear conflict | ||
| مراجع | ||
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