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بررسی نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به تعارضات انسان-خرس قهوهای در استان فارس و راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارض | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
دوره 76، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 311-323 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2023.348922.2475 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
رسول خسروی* 1؛ فاطمه نجابت1؛ علیرضا محمدی2 | ||
1بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
2گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
مدیریت درست تعارض بین انسان و حیات وحش نیازمند شناخت دقیق از درک ریسک از دید جوامع محلی و تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر نگرش افراد است. بهمنظور بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در شکلگیری تعارض خرس قهوه ای با جوامع محلی در محدوده نقاط با ریسک بالای تعارض در تعدادی از روستاهای کامفیروز (مرودشت)، استان فارس، و ارزیابی اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، پرسشنامهای طراحی و با تعدادی از افراد محلی در بازة زمانی اوج تعارض مصاحبه صورت گرفت. بهمنظور ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش جوامع محلی از رگرسیون لجستیک و بررسی نقش هر یک از عوامل در تعارض و اهمیت هر یک از راهکارهای مؤثر در کاهش تعارض، از تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از دیدگاه مشارکتکنندگان، از بین رفتن زیستگاه و کمبود طعمه، تحریک حیوان و عدم آگاهی از رفتار گونه، بیشترین مرکزیت را در شبکه دارند. در بین راهکارهای پیشنهاد شده توسط مشارکتکنندگان، استفاده از روش های بازدارندة شنیداری و دیداری، استفاده از سگهای آموزشدیده، پرداخت غرامت، بیمه نمودن منافع، و افزایش جمعیت طعمه ها بیشترین مرکزیت را نشان دادند. براساس نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک، افرادی که حس بهتری هنگام مشاهده یا فکر کردن به خرس دارند، نسبت به خرس نگرش مثبتتری دارند، همچنین افرادی که خرس را دوست دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش مثبتتری دارند. همچنین، افرادی که سطح تعارض بالایی با گونه دارند، نسبت به آن نگرش منفی دارند. توجه به عوامل تأثیرگذار در شکل گیری نگرش جوامع محلی و درگیرکردن افراد در برنامه های حفاظت مشارکتی نقش مهمی در شناسایی راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش تعارضات دارد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ارزیابی نگرش؛ احساسات؛ استان فارس؛ تحلیل شبکه؛ تعارض انسان-خرس قهوهای | ||
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