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اثر دو نوع بیوچار بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک موثر در مدیریت آبیاری مناطق بیابانی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 50، شماره 4، شهریور 1398، صفحه 965-975 اصل مقاله (865.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.266029.668011 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی یزدان‌پناهی1؛ خالد احمدآلی* 2؛ سلمان زارع3؛ محمد جعفری4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت مناطق بیابانی دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده توسعه و رشد بسیاری از گیاهان، در مناطق خشک و بیابانی است. افزودن مواد اصلاحی به خاک برای بهبود ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب، یکی از مهمترین راه‌های مقابله با کمبود آب بشمار میرود. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر افزودن بیوچارهای طبیعی و بیوچار کمپوست زباله شهری بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک (وزن مخصوص ظهری، وزن مخصوص حقیقی، رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی، رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی، آب قابل دسترس، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و دور آبیاری)، که مهمترین تاثیر را در مدیریت آبیاری دارند، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای در نظر گرفته‌شده شامل فاکتور بیوچار طبیعی در چهار سطح (0، 1، 3 و 5 درصد)، بیوچار کمپوست زباله شهری در چهار سطح (0، 1، 3 و 5 درصد) و فاکتور گونه گیاهی در یک سطح (گونه گیاهی اسکنبیل) (جمعاً 16 بستر خاک) بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک نشان داد که افزودن بیوچارها به خاک تأثیر افزایشی معناداری بر ظرفیت زراعی، آب قابل‌دسترس و دور آبیاری و تأثیر کاهشی معنیداری بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی داشت. به‌طوریکه با افزودن بیوچارها به خاک ظرفیت زراعی، نقطه پژمردگی دائم، آب قابل‌دسترس و دور آبیاری هر کدام به ترتیب میانگین افزایشی 2/17، 8/16، 4/17 و 2/3 درصدی و هدایت هیدرولیکی، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی هر کدام به ترتیب میانگین کاهشی 4/39، 4/4 و 7/11 درصدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشتند. از بین تیمارهای مورد مطالعه، تیمار 13 (خاک + 5 % بیوچار طبیعی + 5 % بیوچار زباله شهری) نسبت به تیمار شاهد بیشترین تأثیر را بر پارامترهای ذکر شده داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بایوچار طبیعی؛ خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک؛ بایوچار کمپوست زباله | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Two Different Biochars on the Soil Physical Properties Affecting Irrigation Management in Desert Regions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Yazdanpanahi1؛ Khaled Ahmadaali2؛ Salman Zare3؛ Mohammad Jafari4 | ||
| 1MSc student in Management of Desert Areas, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water is the most important limiting factor for plant growth in dry and desert regions. Addition of soil amendments is one of the most important practices to reduce water shortage by improving soil physical properties and water use efficiency. In this study, the effect of natural and urban waste-compost biochars on the soil physical properties (e.g., bulk density, particle density, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and irrigation interval) as the most effective parameters on irrigation were investigated. This experiment was conducted as factorial and in a completely randomized blocks design with three factors and three replications in greenhouse condition. The proposed factors were consisted of four levels of natural biochar (0, 1, 3, and 5 % of weight) and four levels of municipal waste-compost biochar (0, 1, 3, and 5 %) and a plant factor at one level (Calligonum species). The results showed that the addition of biochars to the soil had a significant increasing effect on the field capacity, available water, and irrigation intervals and a significant decreasing effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk and particle density. Field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water and irrigation interval had an average incremental rate of 17.2, 16.8, 17.4, and 3.2% respectively and hydraulic conductivity, bulk and actual density had an average decremental rate of 39.4, 4.4 and 11.7 % respectively as compared to the control treatment. Treatment No. 13 (soil+5% natural biochar+5% urban waste compost biochar) had the most effectiveness on the above mentioned parameters. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| natural biochar, soil physical properties, urban waste compost biochar | ||
| مراجع | ||
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