پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,963,675 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,637,326 |
اثر رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای در تعیین و ارزیابی شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 50، شماره 4، شهریور 1398، صفحه 836-846 اصل مقاله (870.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.262540.667973 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه مسکینی ویشکایی* 1؛ رسول میرخانی2 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برآورد بسیاری از شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم تعیین رطوبت خاک در نقطه ظرفیت مزرعهای (FC) است. لذا هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی اثر مکشهای مختلف معادل رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای بر مقدار شاخصهای مختلف کیفیت فیزیکی خاک و سپس ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی خاکهای مورد مطالعه برمبنای شاخصهای محاسبه شده بود. در این پژوهش از 35 نمونه خاک از اراضی کشاورزی استان البرز استفاده و شاخصهای S دکستر، ظرفیت هوا، آب قابل استفاده گیاه و ظرفیت مزرعهای نسبی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که براساس شاخص S دکستر، تنها 20 درصد از نمونههای خاک در گروه کیفیت فیزیکی ضعیف (035/0 > S) قرار گرفتند و سایر نمونههای خاک از کیفیت فیزیکی خوب یا بهتری برخوردار بودند (80 درصد). درحالیکه نتایج سایر شاخصها نشان داد که با فرض رطوبت FC در مکشهای 100، 330 سانتیمتر و مکش محاسبه شده براساس مفهوم شدت زهکشی ناچیز، بهترتیب 12، 44 و 70 درصد از نمونههای خاک از لحاظ تهویه، قابلیت دسترسی آب خاک و فعالیت میکروبی، کیفیت فیزیکی مناسبی داشتند. بین میانگین رطوبت FC در مکش معادل 330 سانتیمتر و روش پیشنهادی براساس شدت زهکشی ناچیز اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، میتوان از شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک بر مبنای رطوبت FC در مکش 330 سانتیمتر برای ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی در خاکهای مورد مطالعه استفاده نمود. نتایج نشان داد که علیرغم توانایی خوب شاخص S دکستر، استفاده از سایر شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک موجب ارزیابی جامعتری از محدودیتهای فیزیکی خاک بر رشد گیاه میگردد اما تعیین شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم برآورد صحیحی از مقدار رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای خاک میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب قابل استفاده گیاه؛ شاخص S دکستر؛ شاخص ظرفیت مزرعهای نسبی؛ شاخص ظرفیت هوا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Field Capacity in Determination and Evaluation of the Soil Physical Quality Indices | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee1؛ Rasoul Mirkhani2 | ||
| 1Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Estimating the soil physical indices requires determination of soil moisture content at field capacity (FC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various soil suctions according to field capacity on different soil physical quality indices and subsequently to evaluate the soil physical quality based on the calculated indices. In this study, 35 soil samples from agricultural lands of Alborz province were used to calculate Dexter's S, air capacity, plant available water and relative field capacity indices. The results showed that only 20 % of the soil samples were in weak soil physical quality groups (S < 0.035) and the rest of soil samples had a good or better soil physical quality (80 %) on the basis of Dexter's S index. However, the results of other indices showed by assuming a FC moisture content at soil suction of 100, 330 cm and calculated suction based on the negligible drainage rate concept, 12, 44 and 70% of soil samples, respectively had a good physical quality in terms of soil aeration, water availability and microbial activity. There was no significant difference between the average FC at equivalent soil suction of 330 cm and the proposed approach based on the negligible drainage rate. Hence, the soil physical indices based on FC at soil suction of 330 cm can be used to evaluate the soil physical quality of the studied soils. Moreover, the results showed that despite of good ability of S index, use of other soil physical quality indices leads to a more comprehensive assessment of soil physical limitation on crop growth. However, determination of the soil quality indices requires an accurate estimation of soil moisture content at the field capacity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Air capacity index, Dexter's S index, Plant available water, Relative field capacity index | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Assouline, S. and Or, D. (2014). The concept of field capacity revisited: Defining intrinsic static and dynamic criteria for soil internal drainage dynamics. Water Resource Research, 50: 1-16. Cassel, D. K. and Nielsen, D. R. (1986). Field capacity and available water capacity. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph, 9: 901–926. Cockroft, B. and Olsson, K. A. (1997). Case study of soil quality in south-eastern Australia: management of structure for roots in duplex soils. In E. G. Gregorich and M. R. Carter, (Ed.), Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health. Developments in Soil Science: Elsevier. (pp. 339–350). New York, NY. Colman, E. A. (1947). A laboratory procedure for determining the field capacity of soils. Soil Science, 63: 277–283. Dane, J. H. and Hopmans, J. W. (2002) Pressure cell. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 684–688). Soil Science Society of America, Inc: Madison, WI. Dexter, A. R. (2004). Soil physical quality. Part I: Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma. 120: 201-214 Dexter, A. R. and Richard, G. (2009). Tillage of soils in relation to their bi-modal pore size distributions. Soil and Tillage Research, 103: 113–118. Doran, J. W. and Parkin, T. B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. In J. W. Doran, D. C. Coleman, D. F. Bezdicek, and B. A. Stewart (Ed.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. SSSA Spec. Publ: Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI. Doran, J. W., Mielke, L. N., Power, J. F. (1990). Microbial activity as regulated by soil water filled pore space. Symposium III-3, Ecology of Soil Microorganisms in the Microhabitat Environments III. Transactions of the 14th International Congress of Soil Science, (pp. 94–99). August 12–18, Kyoto, Japan. Emami, H.m Lakzian, A. and Mohagerpour, M. (2010). Study of the relationship between slope of retention curve and some physical properties of soil quality. Journal of Water and Soil, 24 (5): 1027-1035. (In Farsi) Gee, G. W. and Or, D. (2002). Particle-size analysis. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 255- 293). Madison. Ghiberto, P. J., Imhoff, S., Libardi, P.L., Silva, A.P., Tormena, C.A. and Pilatti, M.A. (2015). Soil physical quality of Mollisols quantified by a global index. Scientia Agricola, 72(2): 167–174. Grossman, R. B. and Reinsch, T. G. (2002). Bulk density and linear extensibility. In J. H. Dane and G. C. Clake (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series (pp. 201-228). Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Jamison, V. C. (1956). Pertinent factors governing the availability of soil moisture to plants. Soil Science, 81: 459–471. Kirkham, M. B. (2005). Principles of soil and plant water relations, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam. Miller, R. D., and McMurdie, J. L. (1953). Field capacity in laboratory columns, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 17: 185–190. Moebius, B. N., van Es, H. M., Schindelbeck, R. R., Idowu, O. J., Clune, D. J. and Thies, J. E. (2007). Evaluation of laboratory-measured soil properties as indicatore of soil physical quality. Soil Science, 172(11): 895-912. Moncada, M. P., Ball, B. C., Gabriels, D., Lobo, D. and Cornelis, W. M. (2015). Evaluation of soil physical quality index S for some tropical and temperate medium-textured soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 79:9–19. Reynolds, W. D., Bowman, B. T., Drury, C. F., Tan, C. S. and Lu, X. (2002). Indicators of good soil physical quality: density and storage parameters. Geoderma, 110: 131-146. Reynolds, W. D., Drury, C. F., Tan, C. S., Fox, C. A., and Yang, X. M. (2009). Use of indicators and pore volume function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma, 152: 252-263. Reynolds, W. D., Drury, C. F., Yang, X. M. and Tan, C. S. (2008). Optimal soil physical quality inferred through structural regression and parameter interactions. Geoderma, 146: 466–474. Rezaee, L., Moosavi, A. A., Davatgar, N. and Shabanpor Shahrestani, M. (2017). Comparison of different soil water retention curve models for evaluation of soil quality index (S) in paddy soils. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 31(4): 509-524. (In Farsi) Shahab, H., Emami, H., Haghnia, Gh. Karimi, A. (2011). Determination the optimal range of pore volume distribution by using of soil physical quality indicators and effect of soil properties on Sgi index. Journal of Water and Soil, 25(4): 881-891. (In Farsi) Shirazi, M. A. and Borsma, L. (1984). A unifying quantitative analysis of soil texture. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48: 142-147. Skopp, J., Jawson, M. D., Doran, J. W. (1990). Steady-state aerobic microbial activity as a function of soil water content. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54: 1619–1625. Topp, G. C., Reynolds, W. D., Cook, F. J., Kirby, J. M. and Carter, M. R. (1997). Physical attributes of soil quality. In E. G. Gregorich and M. R. Carter (Ed.), Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health. Developments in Soil Science: Elsevier, 25: 21– 58. Twarakavi, N. K. C., Sakai, M. and Sˇimu°nek, J. (2009). An objective analysis of the dynamic nature of field capacity. Water Resource Research, 45: W10410. USDA, Economic Research Service (1997). Agricultural resources and environmental indicators, 1996-1997. Agric. Handb. 712. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44: 892-897. Veihmeyer, F. J. and Hendrickson, A. H. (1927). The relation of soil moisture to cultivation and plant growth. Proceeding the 1st International Congress of Soil Science, 3: 498–513. Walkley, A. and Black, T. A. (1934). An examination of Deglijareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the choromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38. Warrick, A.W. (2002). Soil Physics Companion. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, USA. Wesseling, J. and van Wijk, W. R. (1957). Soil physical conditions in relation to drain depth. In J. N. Luthin (Ed.), Drainage of agricultural lands: American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconson. White, R. E. (2006). Principles and Practice of Soil Science. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 425 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 346 |
||