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بررسی تأثیر مالچ سیمانی بر تثبیت ماسه های روان | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 68، شماره 4، دی 1394، صفحه 739-750 اصل مقاله (554.54 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.56955 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا اختصاصی* 1؛ فاطمه سادات حضیرئی2 | ||
| 1استاد دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه یزد | ||
| 2کارشناس‌ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی، مدیریت مناطق بیابانی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از روشهای معمول برای کنترل حرکت ماسههای روان مالچ‌پاشی بر سطح آنهاست. تا کنون در ایران از مالچهای نفتی برای تثبیت تپه‌های ماسه‌ای استفاده میشده است. تخریب محیط زیست به وسیلة مالچهای نفتی و همچنین هزینههای زیاد استفاده از آنها باعث شده است که مراکز پژوهشی کشور در تحقیق بر روی تغییرِ نوع و شیوههای مالچ‌پاشی فعال شوند. در این تحقیق، برای نخستین بار در کشور ایران، از نسبتهای مختلف سیمان و آهک و ماسة بادی به عنوان مالچ طبیعی استفاده شد. بدین منظور، از تپه‌های ماسه‌ای دشت یزد- اردکان به عنوان بستر و ترکیب‌های مختلف سیمان پرتلند، ماسة بادی و آهک به عنوان تیمارهای مالچ سیمانی استفاده شد. به هر تیمار یک لیتر آب اضافه شد. سپس، بر روی پلاتهایی به ابعاد 100 × 30 و 30 سانتی‌متر عمق ماسة بادی پاشیده شد. این تحقیق در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سایر عوامل فیزیکی، مانند ضخامت، مقاومت فشاری سلههای ایجادشده و میزان فرسایشپذیری از سطح تیمارها، اندازهگیری شد. دادهها با نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد، با افزایش مقدار سیمان، مقاومت سلههای ایجادشده در سطح خاک افزایش مییابد. از آنجا که تیمار ترکیبی 400 گرم سیمان و 10 گرم آهک و 800 گرم ماسه پاسخ‌گوی حداقل شرایط فیزیکی لازم برای تثبیت ماسههای روان بود، این تیمار مناسبترین تیمار انتخاب شد. هزینههای اجرایی مالچ جدید نیز حدود 30 درصد هزینههای مالچ نفتی برآورد میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تثبیت ماسههای روان؛ حرکت ماسهها؛ فرسایش بادی؛ مالچ سیمان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of cement mulch combinations on sand dunes fixation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi1؛ Fateme Hazirei2 | ||
| 1Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Iran | ||
| 2MSc of Natural Resources Engineering- Arid lands Management | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Mulching is one of the methods of sand movement control to prepare condition for permanent fixation. Oil mulches have been used in Iran. Because of high cost and negative environmental impacts of oil mulches, changes in mulches type and mulching methods is vital. Therefore, for the first time in Iran, different combinations of cement and lime were examined as stabilizer. Sandy soil from the Yazd-Ardakan plain is used as bed treatment and Portland cement were used as the mulch in this research. The treatments were prepared using different ratios of the above mentioned materials. One liter of water was added to each mulch combinations and were sprinkled on the plot of 100 cm (length) × 30 cm (width) ×4 cm (height) sands. A completely randomized design is used as research plan with three repeating. Physical parameters, such as thickness, compressive strength, which are created by mulches, and wind erodibility of the treatments were measured. The measured data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results show that by increasing the amount of cement, soil crust resistance increases. The combination mulch of cement 400 gr, sand 800 gr, and lime 10 gr is selected as the best treatment, because it can be prepare optimum physical conditions for sand dune fixation. In addition, the cost of field cement mulching estimated 30% lower than oil mulching. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Sand movement, Cement mulch, Wind Erosion, Sand dune fixation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Ahmadi, H. (1998). Applied Geomorphology, Volume II: Wind erosion, Tehran University Press, 570pp (in Persian).
[2] Ahmadi, H. and Ekhtesasi, Mr. (2000). Survay of effect of gravelly mulch in reduction of wind erosion in dagh lands clayey-salty non-renewable with biological methods, Biaban, 5(2), 1-13(in Persian).
[3] Ahmadi, H. and Nakhjavani, F. (1970). Wind erosion in Khuzestan, Faculty of Forestry Publication, Journal of Forestry, No. 23, Tehran University (in Persian).
[4] Armbrust, D.V. (1977). A review of mulches to control wind erosion, Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers), 20, 904-910.
[5] Dehdashtian, M. (2009). Environmental effects of application of oil mulch, Journal of Forest and Rangeland, 81, 21 (in Persian).
[6] Ekhtesasi, M.R. (1992). Report of design and manufacturing of the Wind Erosion Meter (or portable wind tunnel), Proceedings of the first conference on problems of desert and arid lands, Tehran University (in Persian).
[7] Ekhtesasi, M.R., Akhavan Ghalibaf, M., Azimzadeh, H.R. and Emtehani, M.H. (2003). Study of the effects of salts on the wind erodibility of soil using Wind Erosion Meter(WEM), Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 56(1-2) (in Persian).
[8] Hagen, L.J. (2010). Erosion by wind: Modeling, In: Lal, R. editor, Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Second Edition, London: Taylor and Francis publishers.
[9] Heydari, M., Ahmadi, H., Ekhtesasi, M.R. and Darini, Javad (2010). Investigation of gravel mulch on wind erosion with W.E. Meter, Proceedings of the second conference on wind erosion and dust storms, Yazd University (in Persian).
[10] Li, Xiao-Yan and Liu, Lian-You (2003). Effect of gravel mulch on aeolian dust accumulation in the semiarid region of northwest China, Soil and Tillage Research, 70(1), 73-81, doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00137-X.
[11] Li, Xiao-Yan, Liu, Lian-You and Gong, Jia-Dong (2001). Influence of pebble mulch on soil erosion by wind and trapping capacity for windblown sediment, Soil and Tillage Research, 59(3-4), 137-142, doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00158-1.
[12] Lyles, L., Schrandt, R.L. and Schmeidler, N.F. (1974). Commercial soil stabilizers for temporary wind erosion control, Transactions of the ASA E, 17, 1015-1019.
[13] Majdi, H., Karrimian Eghbal, M., Karimzade, H. and Jalalian, A. (2005). The effect of clay mulch on wind erosion yield, Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10(3), 137-148 (in Persian).
[14] Meamarian, H. (2005). Engineering Geology & Geotechnique, Tehran University Press, 990pp (in Persian).
[15] Miri Solaiman, J. (2007). Wind erosion threshold velocity mapping using geostatistics method in Sistan region, MSc thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol (in Persian).
[16] Presley, D. and Tatarko, J. (2009). Principles of wind erosion and its control, Kansas State University, Department of Agronomy, K-State Research and Extension Publication MF-2860.
[17] Refahi, H.G. (1999). Wind erosion and its control, Tehran University Press 320pp (in Persian).
[18] Woodruff, N.P., Dickerson, J.D., Banbury, E.E., Erhart, A.B. and Lundquist, M.C. (1976). Selected trees and shrubs evaluated for single-row windbreaks in the central Great Plains, USDA, ARS, NC-37.
[19] Yang, Q., Zuo, H., Xiao, X., Wang, Sh., Chen, B. and Chen, J. (2012). Modelling the effects of plastic mulch on water, heat and CO2 fluxes over cropland in an arid region, Journal of Hydrology, 452-453, 102.
[20] Zhu Zhenda, Zou Bengong and Yang, Youlin (1985). The characterization of sand dune and its stabilization in China, Sand transport & desertification in arid land, World Scientific, 438-449pp.
[1] Ahmadi, H. (1998). Applied Geomorphology, Volume II: Wind erosion, Tehran University Press, 570pp (in Persian).
[2] Ahmadi, H. and Ekhtesasi, Mr. (2000). Survay of effect of gravelly mulch in reduction of wind erosion in dagh lands clayey-salty non-renewable with biological methods, Biaban, 5(2), 1-13(in Persian).
[3] Ahmadi, H. and Nakhjavani, F. (1970). Wind erosion in Khuzestan, Faculty of Forestry Publication, Journal of Forestry, No. 23, Tehran University (in Persian).
[4] Armbrust, D.V. (1977). A review of mulches to control wind erosion, Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers), 20, 904-910.
[5] Dehdashtian, M. (2009). Environmental effects of application of oil mulch, Journal of Forest and Rangeland, 81, 21 (in Persian).
[6] Ekhtesasi, M.R. (1992). Report of design and manufacturing of the Wind Erosion Meter (or portable wind tunnel), Proceedings of the first conference on problems of desert and arid lands, Tehran University (in Persian).
[7] Ekhtesasi, M.R., Akhavan Ghalibaf, M., Azimzadeh, H.R. and Emtehani, M.H. (2003). Study of the effects of salts on the wind erodibility of soil using Wind Erosion Meter(WEM), Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 56(1-2) (in Persian).
[8] Hagen, L.J. (2010). Erosion by wind: Modeling, In: Lal, R. editor, Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Second Edition, London: Taylor and Francis publishers.
[9] Heydari, M., Ahmadi, H., Ekhtesasi, M.R. and Darini, Javad (2010). Investigation of gravel mulch on wind erosion with W.E. Meter, Proceedings of the second conference on wind erosion and dust storms, Yazd University (in Persian).
[10] Li, Xiao-Yan and Liu, Lian-You (2003). Effect of gravel mulch on aeolian dust accumulation in the semiarid region of northwest China, Soil and Tillage Research, 70(1), 73-81, doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00137-X.
[11] Li, Xiao-Yan, Liu, Lian-You and Gong, Jia-Dong (2001). Influence of pebble mulch on soil erosion by wind and trapping capacity for windblown sediment, Soil and Tillage Research, 59(3-4), 137-142, doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00158-1.
[12] Lyles, L., Schrandt, R.L. and Schmeidler, N.F. (1974). Commercial soil stabilizers for temporary wind erosion control, Transactions of the ASA E, 17, 1015-1019.
[13] Majdi, H., Karrimian Eghbal, M., Karimzade, H. and Jalalian, A. (2005). The effect of clay mulch on wind erosion yield, Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10(3), 137-148 (in Persian).
[14] Meamarian, H. (2005). Engineering Geology & Geotechnique, Tehran University Press, 990pp (in Persian).
[15] Miri Solaiman, J. (2007). Wind erosion threshold velocity mapping using geostatistics method in Sistan region, MSc thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol (in Persian).
[16] Presley, D. and Tatarko, J. (2009). Principles of wind erosion and its control, Kansas State University, Department of Agronomy, K-State Research and Extension Publication MF-2860.
[17] Refahi, H.G. (1999). Wind erosion and its control, Tehran University Press 320pp (in Persian).
[18] Woodruff, N.P., Dickerson, J.D., Banbury, E.E., Erhart, A.B. and Lundquist, M.C. (1976). Selected trees and shrubs evaluated for single-row windbreaks in the central Great Plains, USDA, ARS, NC-37.
[19] Yang, Q., Zuo, H., Xiao, X., Wang, Sh., Chen, B. and Chen, J. (2012). Modelling the effects of plastic mulch on water, heat and CO2 fluxes over cropland in an arid region, Journal of Hydrology, 452-453, 102.
[20] Zhu Zhenda, Zou Bengong and Yang, Youlin (1985). The characterization of sand dune and its stabilization in China, Sand transport & desertification in arid land, World Scientific, 438-449pp. | ||
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