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تأثیر عصارۀ گیاهان شاتره و کلپوره و آفت‌کش پی‌متروزین بر کشندگی و تغییرات آنزیم استراز سفیدبالک پنبه،Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) روی رقم حساس و مقاوم گوجه‌فرنگی | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 45، شماره 2، مهر 1393، صفحه 357-369 اصل مقاله (541.84 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2014.53512 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه ثمره فکری1؛ محمد امین سمیع* 2؛ بیداله شاهوزهی3؛ سهراب ایمانی4؛ مهدی ضرابی5 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر رفسنجان | ||
| 3گروه بیوشیمی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات فیزیولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان | ||
| 4استادیار گروه حشره‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران | ||
| 5استادیار گروه علوم و تکنولوژی محیطی، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این پژوهش تأثیر عصارۀ گیاهان شاترهFumaria parviflora (Lam.) ، کلپورهTeucrium polium (L) و آفت‌کش پی‌متروزین روی کشندگی و فعالیت آنزیم استراز عمومی حشرات کامل سفیدبالک پنبه Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) در دمای 2±27 درجۀ سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±50 درصد و دورۀ نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی ارزیابی شد. برای آزمایش‌های زیست‌سنجی، بوته‌های دو تا چهار برگی گوجه‌فرنگی رقم مقاوم کال‌جی‌ان‌تری و حساس ارگون در غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره‌ها غوطه‌ور گردید و 72 ساعت بعد از تیمار کردن، مرگ‌ومیر محاسبه شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار برای هر تیمار انجام گرفت و آب مقطر و متانول به عنوان شاهد استفاده شد. برای ارزیابی اثر تیمارها بر فعالیت آنزیم استراز، بوته‌های دو تا چهار برگی گوجه‌فرنگی ارقام ذکرشده آغشته به غلظت LC25 عصاره‌ها و حشره‌کش شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان LC50 عصارۀ گیاهان شاتره و کلپوره و آفت‌کش پی‌متروزین برای حشرات کامل پرورش‌یافته روی رقم حساس به‌ترتیب 26/17، 88/93 و 026/0 و برای رقم مقاوم به‌ترتیب 26/13، 36/68 و 019/0 گرم بر لیتر بود. آثار زیرکشندگی عصاره‌ها و آفت‌کش روی میزان فعالیت آنزیم استراز نسبت به شاهد معنادار بود. میزان آنزیم استراز، برای شاهد و حشرات کامل تیمارشده با عصارۀ گیاهان شاتره و کلپوره، آفت‌کش پی‌متروزین روی رقم حساس به‌ترتیب 00161/0، 0086/0، 009/0 و 0038/0 و روی رقم مقاوم 027/0، 0068/0، 0097/0 و 0043/0 میکروگرم آلفانفتیل استات در دقیقه بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین بود؛ بنابراین میزان سمیت عصاره‌ها و آفت‌کش در حشرات پرورش‌یافته روی رقم مقاوم بیشتر از رقم حساس به‌دست آمد. آفت‌کش پی‌متروزین بیشترین سمیت را به خود اختصاص داد و از میان عصاره‌ها سمیت شاتره بیشتر از کلپوره تعیین گردید. میزان فعالیت آنزیم استراز در حشرات تیمارشده روی رقم مقاوم کمتر از رقم حساس به‌دست آمد. با توجه به این نتایج، کاربرد توأم رقم مقاوم گیاهی با عصاره‌های گیاهی یا آفت‌کش می‌تواند به عنوان راهکار مناسب علیه سفیدبالک پنبه در برنامه‌های IPM به‌کار رود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی؛ ارقام مقاوم؛ زیست‌سنجی؛ غلظت LC50 | ||
| مراجع | ||
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