تأثیر جایگزینی یونجه با علوفه کنگرفرنگی بر گوارش ‏پذیری، عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه بره ‏های پرواری لری ‌ـ ‌‌بختیاری

1 . اسفندیاری ف (1388) تأثیر روش­های مختلف حاصلخیزی خاک (آلی، تلفیقی و شیمیایی) روی کمیت و کیفیت علوفه کنگر. علوم گیاهی و زراعی. 40(2): 168-155.

2 . خالداری م (1382) اصول پرورش گوسفند و بز. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی. واحد تهران.

3 . ضیایی س ع؛ دستپاک آ؛ نقدی بادی ح؛ پورحسینی ل؛ همتی مقدم ا ر و غروی نایینی م (1383) مروری بر گیاه کنگرفرنگی(Cynara scolumus) . گیاهان دارویی. 4(13): 21-18.

4 . کریمی ع (1383) ارزش تغذیه­ای کنگر و یونجه در تغذیه گوسفند. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 8(1): 28-22.

5 . مدیر شانه­چی م (1368) تولید و مدیریت گیاهان علوفه­ای. انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی.

6 . مکدونالد ادوارد (1981) تغذیه دام. ترجمه صوفی سیاوش و جان­محمدی. انتشارات عمیدی.

7 . Association of Official Analytical Chemisis )1990( Official Method of Analysis, Vol. I.  15^th ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA.

8 . Cajarville C, Gonzalez J, Repetto JL, Alvir MR and Rodriguez CA (2000) Nutritional evaluation of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) seed for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 87: 203-213.

9 . Cajarville C, Gonzalez J, Repetto JL, Rodriguez CA and Martinez A (1999) Nutritive value of green forage and crop by-products of Cynara cardunculus. Annales de Zootechnie. 48: 353-365.

10 . Cassida KA, Barton B, Hough A, Wiedenhoeft RL and Guillard K )1994( Feed intake and apparent digestibility of hay-supplemented brassica diets for lambs. Animal Science. 72: 1623-1629.

11 . Coblentz WK, Nellis SE, Hoffman PC, HallM B, Weimer PJ, Esser NM and Bertram MG )2013( Unique interrelationships between fiber composition, water soluble carbohydrates, and in vitro gas production for fall-grown oat forages. Dairy Science. 96: 7195-7209.

12 . Fateh E, Chaeichi MR, Sharifi-Ashorabadi D, Mazaheri AA and Jafari Z )2009( effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on forage  yield and quality of global artichoke (Cynera scolymus L.). Crop Science. 1: 40-48.

13 . Fernández J, Hidalgo M, Del Monte JP and Curt MD (2005) Cynara cardunculus L. as a perennial crop for non-irrigated lands: yields and applications. Proceedings of IV International Congress on Artichoke Editors V.V. Bianco, N. Calabrese, V.  Rubatzky. Acta Horticulturae. 681: 109-115.

14 . Forbes JM and France J (1993( Quantitative aspect ruminant digestion and metabolism. CAB International. Walling ford.Oxon, U.K.

15 . Fox DG, Tedeschi LO, Tylutki TP, Russell JB, Van Amburgh ME, Chase LE, Pell AN and Overton TR )2004) The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 112: 29-78.

16 . Getachew G, Crovetto GM, Fondevila M, Krishna Moorthy U, Singh B, Spanghero M, Steingass H, Robinson PH and  Kailas MM )2002( Laboratory variation of 24 h in vitro gas production and estimated metabolizable energy values of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 102: 169-180.

17 . Grant R, Anderson B, Rasby R and Mader T )1997( Testing livestock feeds for beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and horse. University of Nebraska Neb Guide Publication.

18 . Hogan J )1996( Ruminant Nutrition and Production in the Tropics and Subtropics. ACIAR, Canberra, Australian Parliament. Pp. 47-58.

19 . Jaramillo DP, Buffa MN, Rodríguez M, Pérez-Baena I, Guamis B and Trujillo AJ )2010( Effect of the inclusion of artichoke silage in the ration of lactating ewes on the properties of milk and cheese characteristics during ripening. Dairy Science. 93(4): 1412-1419.

20 . Menke KH and Steingass H )1988( Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development. 28: 7-55.

21 . Orskov ER, Ried G and WandKay M )2000) Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughages.Aberdeen Straw Group. Research Institute. Bucksurn. Aberdeen.

22 . Orskov ER and McDonald I )1979( The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. Agriculture Science (Camb). 92: 499-503.

23 . Pecat P (1992) Genetic improvement of vegetable crops, Edited by Kallo, G. And bergh, pergamon press. Great Britain.

24 . Pignone D and Sonnante G )2004( Wild artichokes of south Italy: did the story begin here? Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 51: 577-580.

25 . Sallam SMA, Bueno ICS, Nolleza PB, Vitti DMSS and Abdalla AL (2008) Nutritive value Assessment of the Artichok (Cynera scolymus) by-product as an alternative feed resource for ruminants. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 8: 181-189.

26 . Sallam SMA (2005) Nutritive value assessment of the alternative feed resources by gas production and rumen fermentation In vitro. Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 1(2): 200-209.

27 . Thomas TA (1977) An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage. Science Food Agriculture. 28: 639-642.

28 . Valizadeh R, Madayni M, Sobhanirad S, Salemi M and Norouzian MA )2009( Value of  Kangar (Gandelia toumefortiz) hay and the growth performance feeding of Baluchi lambs fed by diets containing this hay. Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8(7): 1332-1336.

29 . Van Keulen JV and Young BA (1977( Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Animal Science.  44: 282-287.

30 . Van Soast PJ, Robertson JB and Lewis B )1991( Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Dairy Science. 74: 3583-3597.