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تعارض روستاگریزی جوانان با روند توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان دیزمار غربی شهرستان جلفا) | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 3، شماره 10 - شماره پیاپی 957759، شهریور 1391، صفحه 97-117 اصل مقاله (217.09 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2012.25099 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجتبی قدیری معصوم1؛ حبیبه یوسفی2؛ محمد اکبرپور سراسکانرود3؛ احمد خلیلی4 | ||
| 1استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2پژوهشگر دوره دکتری برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 3پژوهشگر دوره دکتری و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی | ||
| 4پژوهشگر دوره دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| جریان مهاجرت از روستا به شهر همواره وجود داشته است و این امر حکایت از پویایی جامعه دارد. اما مهاجرت بی‌رویه و تخلیه روستاها از نیروی کارآمد، امروزه به یکی از نارسایی‌های اجتماعی- اقتصادی جامعه روستایی بدل شده است. امروزه جوان‌گزین بودن اغلب مهاجرت‌ها و تشدید مهاجرت جوانان روستا به شهر و حتی هنجار شدن روستاگریزی در بین آنان نگران‌کننده شده است. پرداختن به موضوع روستاگریزی جوانان با هر هدفی که باشد به نحوی اجتناب‌ناپذیر با مسائل کشاورزی و ناگزیر با توسعه روستایی پیوند می‌یابد. بنابراین هدف از مقاله حاضر، پاسخ به این سؤال است که چه عواملی بر روستاگریزی جوانان با روند توسعه روستایی مؤثر هستند. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 6 روستا واقع در دهستان دیزمارغربی در شهرستان جلفای استان آذربایجان شرقی بوده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نوع اسنادی و پیمایشی است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مهاجرت نوعی جریان انتخاب‌کنندة روستاییان جوان‌تر و مولد است. جوانان به دلایل مختلف اجتماعی- اقتصادی انگیزه‌ای قوی برای ترک روستا دارند، و البته عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی نیز نقش مهمی در روستاگریزی جوانان داشته است. روستاگریزی جوانان، روستا را در معرض ناپایداری جمعیتی، عدم تعادل سنی و جنسی جمعیت، کاهش شاخص‌های توسعه در روستا- نظیر سواد- و مهم‌تر از همه سالخورده شدن روستاییان و کاهش نیروی کار فعال و کاهش بهره‌وری قرار داده و به تعمیق توسعه‌نیافتگی روستاها انجامیده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توسعه روستایی؛ جوانان روستایی؛ روستاگریزی؛ شهرستان جلفا؛ مهاجرت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Conflict of Escaping of Youth from the Rural Areas, with Rural Development (Case Study: Dismar Gharbi Rural District Jolfa Township) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mojtaba ghadiri masoum1؛ habibeh yousefi2؛ mojammad skbarpoor3؛ ahmad khalili4 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Emigration from villages to cities has been happening constantly and nowadays too, and shows the motion of rural societies. But, today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. Considering the important role of human authorities in rural development, youth has an important place not only in the regard of quantitative (number) but also, in the regard of qualitative (mental faculties, innovation, motion). Excessive attention to these issues and existing problems in urban areas because of rural -urban migration occurred, especially in our country, often the negative aspects of these migrations is the impact and its positive rural areas is often overlooked This event has made this research necessary. Migration from and to depopulating areas is related to the prospects for rural economic regeneration. The focal point is that of the migration processes give rise to the necessary human capital required for successful endogenous development is among the key life course questions that many young people must address as they grow to maturity? Social mobility increasingly presupposes geographical mobility, especially in rural areas. The migration processes affecting rural areas are important at a time when endogenous development is advocated. This ‘bottom-up’ approach requires the presence of local human capital and migration processes will either remove or introduce human capital.The migration processes affecting rural areas are important at a time when endogenous development is advocated. This ‘bottom-up’ approach requires the presence of local human capital and migration processes Methodology The methodology of this paper is composed of analytical and attributive methods. The statically population in current study was youth Rural District Dizamar Gharabi Jolfa Township. The authors have chosen 1067 individuals from 5012 ones based on Cochran Formula. The sample size is of 157 is (15 percent) of the population. Their sample consists of three 15-19 year old age groups (31/43 percent), 20-24 years (28.2 percent) and 25-29 years add ones (66/28 percent), In order to analyze the variables, statistical method -including correlation regression statistic by SPSS software is used. Results Within a given geographical area a variety of migration processes (in-, out- and return migration) will be evident, irrespective of the overall net migration or population change. With declining natural change variation in population growth rates is increasingly the product of inland out-migration processes. Most of the rural areas have limited educational opportunities. Moreover, many of the youth prefer to continue their education in an urban setting. Consequently, one of the groups of young people makes its permanent settlements outside of the home land, while another group may return to the home land after graduation. Among the important issues are rate and type of employment in the region, characteristics of the labor supply within the region, and the age structure and social cohesion within the local communities. The economic and social capital within the region and the communities are considered as success factors; young peoples are supposed to make a start in adult life and form their own identities within the home region and community. From the perspective of the young individuals, geographical mobility (migration) is related to the social one. In the life course decisions of the current generation of young people, the region and community where one is born has become less relevant than in former generations. Socially mobile young people focus on educational and employment opportunities outside their home region. Staying in their home region is just one of the various existing options. An attachment to the place where they were born is no longer decisive in the identity formation of rural young people. Conclusion Documentary and survey methods, along with questionnaires have been used for collecting the information a bout six villages within the Dehestan W.Dizmar in E.Azarbayjan have been introduced the statistical sample of this research. The results of this research show that most of the emigrants are youth and producer villagers. Youth have principle motives for deserting villages because of different social-economical reasons which in this; social-cultural reasons have a major role in youth's emigration .Youth's emigration causes the village to expose instability in population, lack of balance between the age and the sex of population and decrease of development indicators in village such as literacy and villagers' ageing being the most important. It also helps villages sounding UN development, if we are thinking about the survival of the rural societies and considering youth to be the future villagers, the necessary contraption for settling youth in village must be prepared. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Emigration, Jolfa Township, Rural Development, Rural youth, Sustainable Development | ||
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