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مقایسه ارزش غذایی گونه های مرتعی Bromus tomentellus Boiss. ، Festuca ovina L. و Stipa lessingiana Trin. & Rupr. طی مراحل فنولوژی در مراتع گونبان هرسین استان کرمانشاه | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| دوره 79، شماره 1، فروردین 1405، صفحه 105-118 اصل مقاله (720.04 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2026.403850.1853 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا طاطیان* 1؛ الهه شایسته1؛ رضا تمرتاش1؛ محمدرضا شوشتری2؛ ناطق لشکری1 | ||
| 1گروه مرتعداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی تغییرات کیفیت علوفه گونههای Bromus tomentellus، Festuca ovina و Stipa lessingiana در مراتع گونبان هرسین استان کرمانشاه، در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی (رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی) بود. برای این منظور، نمونهبرداری تصادفی از هر گونه در سه تکرار و در هر مرحله رویشی انجام شد. نمونهها پس از خشکشدن و آسیاب، بهوسیله طیفسنج مادون قرمز نزدیک برای تعیین مقادیر پروتئین خام، هضمپذیری ماده خشک، کربوهیدراتهای محلول در آب، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خنثی، خاکستر، ازت، فسفر، پتاسیم و انرژی متابولیسمی آنالیز شدند. دادهها با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه و آزمون مقایسه میانگین دانکن در نرمافزار R تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی شاخصهای کیفیت علوفه گونههای گیاهی در طی مراحل فنولوژیکی تغییرات معنیدار داشتند (p<0.05 یا p<0.01). با پیشرفت مراحل فنولوژیکی از رویشی به بذردهی، درصد DMD، CP، ME، خاکستر و ازت در هر سه گونه کاهش یافت، در حالی که مقادیر WSC، ADF و NDF افزایش پیدا کرد. در مرحله بذردهی، بیشترین کاهش CP در B. tomentellus (02/68 درصد) و بیشترین کاهش DMD و ME به ترتیب با 73/30 و 75/38 درصد در F. ovina ثبت گردید. در مقابل، WSC در S. lessingiana افزایش 77/17 درصد داشت. مقایسه بین گونهای نشان داد که بهدلیل مقادیر بالاتر ME، DMD، WSC و میزان دیواره سلولی بدون همیسلولز کمتر در گونه B. tomentellus در مراحل فنولوژیکی، این گونه از ارزش غذایی بالاتری برخوردار است. این نتایج تأکید میکند که برای دستیابی به بالاترین ارزش غذایی و حفظ پایداری مرتع، مدیریت چرای دام باید بر اساس مرحله فنولوژیکی گونههای غالب برنامهریزی شود. بر اساس نتایج، گونه B. tomentellus در مرحله رویشی بیشترین پتانسیل تغذیهای را دارد، در حالی که S. lessingiana، بهرغم کیفیت پایینتر، بهدلیل مقاومت بالاتر به چرا و نقش حفاظتی در خاک، گونهای ارزشمند برای تثبیت و احیای مراتع است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| احیای مرتع؛ ارزش غذایی؛ گندمیان؛ مدیریت چرا؛ مراتع گونبان | ||
| مراجع | ||
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