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تاثیر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر پارامترهای آب و هوایی و ویژگیهای خاکهای جنگلی | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 55، شماره 4، تیر 1403، صفحه 553-568 اصل مقاله (2.17 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2024.370307.669632 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مهران میثاقی* ؛ احمد گلچین | ||
گروه مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
در این مطالعه تأثیر ارتفاع بر اقلیم و ویژگیهای خاکهای جنگلی منطقه تالش استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونههای خاک از چهار طبقه ارتفاعی (۵۰۰-۱۰۰۰، ۱۰۰۰-۱۵۰۰، ۱۵۰۰-۲۰۰۰ و ۲۰۰۰-۲۵۰۰ متر) جمعآوری و ویژگیهای خاک و میزان عناصر غذایی در آنها اندازهگیری گردید. دادههای اقلیمی نیز از پایگاه داده TerraClimate جمعآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش ارتفاع، میزان بارندگی افزایش و دما کاهش یافت. میزان افزایش بارندگی ۵0/536 میلیمتر و میزان کاهش دما 40/7 سانتیگراد به ازاء هر ۱۰۰۰ متر افزایش ارتفاع بود. تبخیر و تعرق نیز با کاهش دما در ارتفاعات بالاتر، کاهش یافت. خاک ارتفاعات بالاتر دارای ماده آلی، نیتروژن کل، پایداری خاکدانه و ظرفیت نگهداری آب بیشتری بود. با این حال، مواد غذایی قابل دسترس (K ,S ,P) به دلیل شستشوی بیشتر و تجزیه کندتر ماده آلی در ارتفاعات بالاتر، کمتر بود. میزان کاهش این عناصر غذایی بترتیب برابر با ۱8/15، 89/7 و 14/42 درصد بود. pH، دانسیته توده و شوری خاک نیز با افزایش ارتفاع کاهش یافت. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان داد که گرچه خاکهای ارتفاعات بالاتر از محتوای کربن آلی و قدرت نگهداری آب بیشتری برخوردارند که میتوانند به بهبود کیفیت خاک و عملکرد اکوسیستمهای جنگلی کمک کنند، با این حال این خاکها دارای مواد غذایی قابل دسترس کمتری هستند که ناشی از شستشوی بیشتر در آنها میباشد. این امر میتواند منجر به تخلیه مواد غذایی و اسیدی شدن این خاکها شود. بنابراین، مدیریت مناسب این خاکها مثل کوددهی و آهکدهی برای حفظ سلامت اکوسیستم ضروری است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ارتفاع؛ اقلیم؛ خاکهای جنگلی؛ فراهمی مواد غذایی؛ ویژگیهای خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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