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جنبههای پنهان سازمانهای میانجی نوآوری: مروری نظاممند از منظر گونهشناسی صنایع | ||
مدیریت صنعتی | ||
دوره 16، 1 (شماره ویژه: مدیریت تکنولوژی)، 1403، صفحه 37-74 اصل مقاله (1.56 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/imj.2024.365894.1008091 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مصطفی محسنی کیاسری1؛ جواد سلطان زاده* 1؛ امیرحسین عزیزی حسن آبادی2؛ حامد طالبی3 | ||
1استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری، سیاستگذاری علم وفناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
3دانشجوی دکتری، گروه سیاستگذاری علم وفناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: در نظام نوآوری بازیگران با فضای پیچیدهای از شبکههای رسمی و غیررسمی، هم درون و هم در بین زیرگروهها درگیرند. کاستی در این سازگاریها و تعاملات شکننده، موجب میشود که نقش بازیگران واسط برجسته شود. سازمانهای میانجی در نظام نوآوری تلاش میکنند تا مبتنی بر کاستیهای موجود در تعاملات، کارکردهایی را بر عهده گیرند. کارکردهای نهادهای میانجی، از جنبههای گوناگونی در مقالهها و پژوهشهای مختلف بررسی شده است. این تنوع بررسی از آن جهت است که شکافها و کاستیهای ارتباطی طرفین تعامل در نظام نوآوری، بهطور ذاتی بسیار متفاوت است. هرچند مطالعات پیشین فهرستی از این کارکردها را ارائه کردهاند، همچنان چگونگی راهبری این بازیگران واسطهای نظام نوآوری و تعیین کارکردهای مناسب آنها در بازتابی از ویژگیهای صنعت، دغدغه سیاستگذاران نوآوری است. بهویژه آنکه نوآوری و رژیم فناورانۀ صنایع ماهیت متفاوتی دارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارائه تعریفی جامع از دانش فعلی و دستهبندی نهادهای میانجی در صنایع توسط پویت (۱۹۸۴) بر اساس کارکردهای تعریفی هاولز (۲۰۰۶) و همچنین تفسیری از شکافهای تحقیقاتی موجود بوده است. روش: در مطالعه حاضر با بهرهگیری از روش مرور نظاممند ادبیات، کلیه مطالعات کیفی و کمی مرتبط، از جمله مقالههای انتشار یافته در مجلهها و کنفرانسها تا سال ۲۰۲۲ بررسی و در نهایت، ۷۷ مقاله در زمینۀ نهادهای میانجی نوآور احصا و تجزیهوتحلیل شد. بهمنظور تعیین دامنۀ (محدوده) مطالعات، علاوهبر تعیین و شناسایی واژگان کلیدی و جستوجو در پایگاه اطلاعاتی مناسب، در خصوص کیفیت مجلههایی که مقالههای منتخب در آن منتشر شده بودند نیز تصمیم گرفته شد. از آنجایی که دامنه این مطالعه ارتباط بین کارکردهای نهادهای میانجی و نوآوری بوده است، دو مفهوم «نهادهای میانجی» و «نوآوری» بهعنوان کلیدواژگان اصلی تعریف شد. افزونبر این، برای جمعآوری مطالعات و جستوجوی جامع، از چندین واژۀ کلیدی مترادف نیز استفاده شد. در گام بعدی، برای تضمین اعتبار و کیفیت مقالهها و جلوگیری از ورود اسناد نامرتبط، این معیارها نیز مدنظر قرار گرفت: ۱. مطالعات به نهادهای (سازمانهای) میانجی و نوآور مربوط باشند؛ ۲. مقالههای منتشر شده، فقط به زبان انگلیسی باشند؛ ۳. مقالههایی که یکی از کلیدواژگان منتخب در عنوان، چکیده یا واژگان کلیدی آنها ذکر شده باشد؛ ۴. فقط مقالههایی انتخاب شوند که در مجلههای معتبر با شاخص ۱Q و ۲Q منتشر شدهاند. یافتهها: نتایج ذیل چهار محور کارکردهای سازمانهای میانجی در همگرایی با کلان روندهای تغییرات و تحولات فناورانۀ نوین؛ کارکردهای آنها در سطوح متنوع نظامهای نوآوری؛ سازمانهای میانجی بازیگرانی برای راهبری صنایع دانشمحور و کارکردهای آنها در صنایع متفاوت ارائه شده است. نتیجهگیری: این مطالعه اهمیت درک ماهیت نوآوری و رژیم فناورانۀ صنایع را برای راهبری این سازمانها در تعریف کارکردهای مناسب برجسته میکند. یافتههای این پژوهش میتواند تصمیمگیریهای سیاستی را تعیین کند و حامی مدیریت مؤثر صنایع دانشبنیان باشد. پیشنهاد میشود که در پژوهشهای بعدی، بر کاوش نقش این سازمانها در صنایع نوظهور و بررسی اثربخشی عملکردهای آنها در زمینههای مختلف تمرکز شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
سازمانهای میانجی؛ کارکردهای سازمانهای میانجی؛ گونهشناسی صنایع؛ نظام نوآوری | ||
مراجع | ||
محسنی کیاسری، مصطفی؛ پاکزاد، مهدی؛ سعد آبادی، علی اصغر؛ نوروزی، خلیل؛ مزارعی، سید حامد؛ صادقی، محمد ابراهیم و خوش سیرت، محسن (1394). تحلیل کارکرد نهادهای میانجی نوآوری در حوزه انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر. رهیافت، ۲۵(۶۰)، 17-34.
نوروزی، عفت و طباطبائیان، سید حبیبالله (1394). سازمانهای میانجی: تعاریف، انواع و کارکردها. رهیافت، 25(60)، 1-16.
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