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تبیین مدل مهارتهای شناختی رهبران و مدیران سازمانی برای تصمیمگیری در محیط ووکا | ||
مدیریت بازرگانی | ||
دوره 17، شماره 2، 1404، صفحه 526-564 اصل مقاله (1001.11 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jibm.2024.371903.4747 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
هانیه حافظ نیا1؛ منوچهر انصاری* 2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه استراتژی و سیاستگذاری کسبوکار، دانشکده مدیریت کسبوکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار، گروه مدیریت رسانه و ارتباطات کسبوکار، دانشکده مدیریت کسبوکار، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: اهمیت ویژگیهای مدیران و رهبران در موفقیت سازمانها و شیوۀ تصمیمگیری آنها در محیطهای پُرتلاطم و نامطمئن، بر کسی پوشیده نیست. بر همین اساس، هدف این مطالعه، شناخت مهارتها و شیوههایی است که رهبران و مدیران بهکار میگیرند تا سازمان خود را در محیطی ووکا هدایت کنند؛ چرا که ضرورت محیط ووکا تصمیمگیری قاطع و سریع است و ابهام و پیچیدگی به این موضوع دامن میزند؛ از این رو پژوهش حاضر بر آن است که به این پرسش پاسخ دهد: رهبران/ مدیران برای هدایت سازمان و تصمیمگیری مؤثر در محیط ووکا، به چه مهارتهای شناختی نیاز دارند؟ روش: برای اجرای این پژوهش، از مرور نظاممند استفاده شده است. دلیل استفاده از این روش، آن است که تعداد و گسترۀ مدلهای شناختی در ادبیات مدیریت بسیار زیاد است و ساختار نظاممند مشخصی ندارد. همچنین مطالعۀ نظاممند به پژوهشگر در درک خلأ نظری موجود و تشابه و تفاوت ادبیات نظری یاری میرساند. در پایان انجام مرور نظاممند، الگویی برای مهارتهای شناختی رهبران و مدیران، شناسایی و ارائه شده است؛ از این رو رویکرد این پژوهش «اکتشافی» است. مرور نظاممند این پژوهش، بر اساس الگوی هفتمرحلهای کیچنهام و چارترز بوده است. یافتهها: در این پژوهش ابتدا سؤال راهنما برای انجام مرور نظاممند تعریف و پس از آن، واژگان کلیدی مشخص شد. سپس پایگاههای دادهها انتخاب و معیارهای حذف و اضافه تعیین شد. با جستوجو در پایگاههای مشخص شده و بر اساس واژگان کلیدی، در مجموع ۲۱۶۳ سند، اعم از کتاب، مقاله و پایاننامه گردآوری شد. برای سنجش کیفیت متنهای انتخابی، از چارچوب کالدول استفاده شد. برای تحلیل، ابتدا به هر مدرک یک کد تخصیص یافت؛ سپس کدگذاری باز برای دستهبندی متنها انجام گرفت. پس از انجام کدگذاری اولیه، مقولهها و مضمونهای یافت شده با هدف شناسایی مهارتها و توانمندیهای رهبری در محیط ووکا دستهبندی شدند. در متون انتخاب شده، رویکردها و مفهومهای متنوعی در توصیف رهبران و مدیران در محیط ووکا بهکار رفته است که خود نشاندهندۀ اهمیت موضوع در دنیای کسبوکارهای امروز است. در حالیکه در سالهای اولیه ۲۰۰۰، ضرورتی به مطالعه در این موضوعات احساس نمیشد بهتدریج محیط کسبوکار با ابهام، پیچیدگی، تغییرات طوفانی و عدمقطعیت عجین شد و پژوهشگران، کمکم مدلهای جدیدی در رهبری ارائه کردند. در این پژوهش پس از دستهبندی مقولهها، سه مضمون کلیدی در رهبری در محیط ووکا شناسایی شد. نتیجهگیری: این پژوهش با درنظرگرفتن محیط ووکا و تأثیر آن بر فرایند تصمیمگیری مدیران و رهبران بر اساس مهارتهای شناختی و سبکهای رهبری به موضوع مهارتهای رهبری نگاهی جدید انداخت، این در حالی است که اغلب مطالعات پیشین به بررسی سبکها یا رفتارهای رهبری از منظر خاصی مانند تأثیر آن بر نوآوری، دانش سازمانی یا توسعۀ پایدار پرداختهاند یا رهبری را در شرکتهای خانوادگی یا بر اساس فرهنگ یا محیط خاصی و حتی بر اساس ملیت یا جنسیت بررسی کردهاند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مهارتهای شناختی؛ رهبران سازمانی؛ تصمیمگیری؛ محیط ووکا | ||
مراجع | ||
دیواندری، علی (۱۴۰۰). سخن سردبیر: پژوهشهای تفسیری و کمک به درک پیچیدگیهای مدیریت. مجله مدیریت بازرگانی، ۱۴(۳)، ۳۷۸-۳۷۷.
شیرزاد، منصور؛ ابویی اردکان، محمد؛ نظری، محمدعلی و قلیپور، آرین (۱۳۹۷). بررسی عصبشناختی مغز رهبران سازمانی در فعالیت مرتبط با تفکر استراتژیک: چگونه برای مطالعه و آزمایش با ابزار الکتروآنسفالوگرافی کمی، تکالیف شناختی طراحی کنیم؟ مجله مدیریت بازرگانی، ۱۱(۱)، 63-86.
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