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پایش و بررسی وضعیت آب و پساب در ادوات نمک‌زدایی گلخانه‌ای استان اصفهان | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 10، دی 1402، صفحه 1503-1520 اصل مقاله (1.47 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.368658.669608 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا حسن اقلی* 1؛ مسعود فرزام نیا2 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نزول کمیت و کیفیت منابع آب، چالش بزرگی را در تولید محصولات گلخانه‌ای کشور ایجاد کرده است. با توجه به توسعه بهره‌برداری از سامانه‌های نمک‌زدایی آب گلخانه‌ای، پژوهشی در استان اصفهان (شهرستان‌های فلاورجان، اصفهان، مبارکه و شهرضا) به انجام رسید. به همین منظور، ضمن بازدید و بررسی جوانب مختلف کاربرد سامانه‌های مذکور، نمونه‌برداری از آب چاه، آب شیرین‌شده و پساب تولیدی ادوات نمک‌زدایی انجام و نحوه دفع پساب (شورابه) آنها مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار شوری آب چاه در فلاورجان با میانگین dS/m 41/12 و کمترین میزان در شهرضا، با میانگین dS/m 09/4 بود. بیشترین مقدار شوری پساب یا شورابه نیز در فلاورجان، با میانگین dS/m 63/16 و کمترین آن در شهرضا، با میانگین dS/m 41/5 بود. میانگین حذف نمک از آب ورودی (نمک برگشتی) در گلخانه‌های استان اصفهان 73 درصد بود. به علاوه، بررسی مقادیر نسبت جذب سدیم، نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم، میزان کلر و بی‌کربنات در نمونه‌های آب هم به انجام رسید. در بحث تخلیه شورابه، گزینه اصلی با 46 درصد به رهاسازی پساب در اراضی اطراف تعلق داشت و پس از آن، استفاده تلفیقی با آب چاه برای کشاورزی در فضای باز با 27 درصد، تخلیه به چاه‌های محلی با 18 درصد و تخلیه به ترانشه‌ها و حوضچه‌های خاکی نفوذ با 9 درصد قرار گرفت. با توجه به عدم نظارت بر اجرا و بهره‌برداری از این ادوات و رعایت نشدن ملاحظاتی در دفع پساب‌ها، وضعیت مناسبی مشاهده نشد و با ادامه روند فعلی، گسترش آلودگی منابع آب و خاک دور از انتظار نیست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "اسمز معکوس"؛ "دفع پساب"؛ "کیفیت آب"؛ " گلخانه"؛ " نمک زدایی" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Monitoring and investigation of water and effluent conditions in greenhouse desalination devices in Isfahan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Hassanoghli1؛ Masoud Farzamnia2 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Department - Isfahan Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The decline in quality and quantity of water resources has created a great challenge in the production of greenhouse agricultural products in Iran. Considering the increasing use of water desalination systems in the greenhouses, a research was conducted in Isfahan province (Falawarjan, Isfahan, Mobarakeh and Shahreza counties). Therefore, after visiting and observing various aspects of the use of these devices, samples were taken from well water, desalinated water and the condensed effluent of desalination systems and the methods of effluent disposing of the devices were studied. The results showed that the highest amount of well water salinity was observed in Falawarjan, with an average of 12.41 dS/m and the lowest in Shahreza, with an average of 4.09 dS/m. For condensed effluent of devices, the highest amount of salinity was also observed in Falawarjan, with an average of 16.63 dS/m and the lowest in Shahreza, with an average of 5.41 dS/m. The average salt removal from feed water (returned salt) in all investigated greenhouses in Isfahan province was 73%. In addition, the values of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Calcium-Magnesium Ratio, Chlorine and Bicarbonate level in water samples was also carried out. Regarding the condensed effluent discharge, the main option with 46% belonged to the release of effluent in the surrounding lands (environment), followed by combined use with well water for open-air agriculture with 27%, discharge to local wells with 18%, and discharge to trenches and the infiltration ponds with 9%, respectively. Due to the lack of monitoring of the implementation and use of these devices and the lack of consideration in waste disposal, a suitable situation was not observed, and with the continuation of the current process, the spread of contamination of water and soil resources is not far from expected. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "Condensed discharge", "Desalination", " Water quality", "Greenhouse", "Reverse Osmosis" | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Agricultural Jihad Organization of Isfahan province (2023). The last statistics and information of greenhouses in Isfahan province. Portal of Agricultural Jihad Organization of Isfahan. (in Persian) Alizadeh, A. (2006). Irrigation system design. Pub. By Imam Reza University. (in Persian) Alizadeh, A. (1998). Quality of Irrigation water. Pub. by Aastan Quds Razavi Printing and Publishing Institute. (in Persian) Ayers, R. S., & Westcot, D. W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Irrigation and Drainage paper 29, Rev. 1, p. 174. Dehghani, F., Maleki, P., Salehi, M., Saadat, S. Bahrami, H. A. (2022). Investigation of the effect of different irrigation water calcium to magnesium ratios on growth characteristics and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences (Journal), Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 1105-1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22077/escs.2020.3198.1817. (in Persian) Hassanoghli, A. (2014). Investigating methods of effluent disposal from water desalination devices used in greenhouse crops. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Final research report. (in Persian) Hassanoghli, A. (2004). Use of domestic and treated wastewater in the irrigation of agricultural crops. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Final research report. (in Persian) Hassanoghli, A. & Farzamnia, M. (2018). How to dispose of effluents from greenhouse water desalination systems in Isfahan province. Proceedings of the 4th Iranian Congress of Soil and Water Engineering and Management, University of Tehran Agricultural Campus. Karaj, Iran. (in Persian) Hassanoghli, A. & Zarei, Gh. (2017). Investigating the method of disposal of effluents from desalination system of greenhouses in Qazvin and Alborz provinces and the salinity and pH levels. Proceedings of the Iran Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering Congress, University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian) Iran Water Resources Management Company (2017). Report on the problems of water desalination devices on agricultural wells. Deputy of Protection and Operation. Ministry of Power. (in Persian) Islamic Republic News Agency, IRNA. (2023). Creating employment for 900,000 people in greenhouses in the seventh development plan. WWW.IRNA.ir/news/85153961. (in Persian) Javanshah, A., Abdollahi Ezatabadi, M. & Sedaghati, N. (2005). Social and economic investigation of possibility of using water desalination plants in Pistachio orchards of Rafsanjan town. Iranian Pistachio Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Final research report. (in Persian) Kiaei, S. (2009). Investigating methods to improve the quality of agricultural water in terms of salinity (SAR and TDS) for pistachio cultivation and wastewater disposal. Proceedings of the international sea water desalination conference, Organized by Jihad-e Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Olympic Hotel, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian) Kucera, J. (2019). Desalination; water from water. 2nd edition, Wiley, Scrivener Publishing. Ministry of Power (2014). A brief report on the country's water resources and consumption balance in the form of a comprehensive water plan (last 40-year average closed to 85-86 water year and 5 and 10-year conditions closed to 89-90). Water and Water Resources Planning Office. (in Persian) Martinez Beltran, J., & Koo-Oshima, S. (2006). Water desalination for agricultural applications. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Land and Water Discussion Paper No. 5, p. 60. Mohammadi, K. & Gol-Mohammadi, G. (2008). Basics of saline water Desalination (Translation). Pub. By Tarbiat Modares University, Water Engineering Research School. No. 1. (in Persian) Program and Budget Organization of Iran (2017). Guide to selecting and using desalination systems to provide drinking water. Technical Deputy, Infrastructure and Production Affairs, Technical and Executive System Affairs, Publication No. 760. (in Persian) Razaghi, N. & Mansouri, R. (2012). Desalination of saline and brackish waters (science and industry). Pub. By Narvn Aara Consulting Engineers. (in Persian) Torabian, A. (2009). Water challenges in the Iran and use of RO process in agriculture. Proceedings of the international sea water desalination conference, Organized by Jihad-e Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Olympic Hotel, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian) Vice President Department of Strategic Planning and Supervision (2010). Environmental criteria for reuse of return water and waste water. Vice President Department of Strategic Supervision, Executive Technical System Office, Publication No. 535. (in Persian) | ||
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