![سامانه نشر مجلات علمی دانشگاه تهران](./data/logo.png)
تعداد نشریات | 162 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,578 |
تعداد مقالات | 71,072 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 125,682,777 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 98,912,398 |
رابطۀ علی شرم بیرونی، خودانتقادی و ترس از شفقت به خود با خودجرحی در میان دانشجویان: نقش میانجیگر افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده | ||
فصلنامه پژوهشهای کاربردی روانشناختی | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 4، 1402، صفحه 113-131 اصل مقاله (980.8 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/japr.2023.335304.644119 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سیمین حیدریان* 1؛ مهناز مهرابی زاده هنرمند2؛ ایران داودی3؛ مرتضی امیدیان4 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی،گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
2استاد، گروه روان شناسی ،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
3استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
4دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطۀ علی شرم بیرونی، خودانتقادی و ترس از شفقت به خود با رفتار خودجرحی با میانجیگری افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده در دانشجویان بود. جامعۀ آماری کلیۀ دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ورودی 1399-1398 بودند. با نمونهگیری در دسترس، نمونهای به حجم 258 نفر بهمنظور بررسی فرضیهها انتخاب شد. بهمنظور جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامۀ خود آسیبی عمدی گراتز (DSHI)، مقیاس شرم بیرونی گروس و همکاران (ESS)، مقیاس سطوح خودانتقادی تامسون و زوروف (LSCS)، مقیاس ترس از شفقت به خود گیلبرت و همکاران (FSCS)، پرسشنامۀ افسردگی بک (BDI) و مقیاس انتقاد و درگیری عاطفی خانوادۀ شیلدس و همکاران (FEICS) استفاده شد. ارزیابی الگوی پیشنهادی به روش الگویابی معادلات ساختاری در نرمافزار AMOS-24 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد الگوی نهایی از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است. همچنین مطابق یافتهها، اثرات مستقیم شرم بیرونی، خودانتقادی و ترس از شفقت به خود بر افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده معنادار بود (0.05>p). همچنین افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده، اثرات مثبت مستقیمی بر خودجرحی دارند. نتایج بوتاستراپ نشان داد افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده میانجیگر رابطۀ شرم بیرونی، خودانتقادی و ترس از شفقت به خود با خودجرحی هستند (0.05>p). با توجه به یافتهها، اثرات غیرمستقیم شرم بیرونی، خودانتقادی و ترس از شفقت به خود بر خودجرحی از طریق نقش میانجیگر افسردگی و درگیری عاطفی خانواده تأیید شد، میتوان نتیجه گرفت که متغیرهای پیشبین بهصورت غیرمستقیم بر رفتار خودجرحی دانشجویان تأثیر گذاشتهاند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
افسردگی؛ ترس از شفقت به خود؛ درگیری عاطفی خانواده؛ رفتار خودجرحی؛ شرم بیرونی | ||
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
|
||
مراجع | ||
بهرامی دشتکی، ه.، علیزاده، ح.، غباری بناب، ب.، و کرمی، ا. (1385). اثربخشی آموزش معنویت به شیوۀ گروهی بر کاهش افسردگی در دانشجویان. پژوهشهای مشاوره (تازهها و پژوهشهای مشاوره). 5(19)، 72-49. https://www.sid.ir/paper/70150/fa
بحری، س. ل.، و محمدی، ن. (1394). تحلیلعاملی تأییدی مقیاس انتقاد و درگیری عاطفی خانواده. خانوادهپژوهی. 11(41)، 101-87. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96445.html
خانیپور، ح.، گلزاری، م.، شمس، ج.، زارع، ه.، و کرملو، س. (1392). رابطۀ نگرشهای شرم مرتبط با اختلالهای روانی با هیجان ابرازشده در اعضای خانوادۀ افراد با اختلال دوقطبی و اسکیزوفرنی. فصلنامۀ خانوادهپژوهی. 9(34)، 254-241. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96271.html
فتحالهزاده، ن.، مجلسی، ز.، مظاهری، ز.، رستمی، م.، و نوابینژاد، ش. (1396). اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت بر شرم درونیشده و خودانتقادی زنان آزاردیدۀ عاطفی. مطالعات روانشناختی. 13(2)، 168-151. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2017.12381.1274
فروغی، ع.، خانجانی، س.، کاظمینی، م.، و طیری، ف. (1394). ساختار عاملی و ویژگیهای روانسنجی نسخۀ ایرانی شرم بیرونی. روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت. 2(2)، 57-49. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25886657.1394.2.2.7.1
حسینی، ع.، و محمودزاده، ز. (1398). رابطۀ تعارض والدین با یکدیگر و سبکهای فرزندپروری ادراکشده با پرخاشگری و رفتارهای خودآسیبرسان در نوجوانان. سومین کنفرانس ملی نوآوری و تحقیق در اخلاق و تربیت، مناسبات دین و روانشناسی. تهران، ایران. https://www.civilica.com/Paper-ENPCONF03-ENPCONF03_014.html.
References Hoseini, A., & Mahmoudzadeh, Z. (2018). The relationship between parental conflict with each other and perceived parenting styles with aggression and self-injury behaviors in adolescents. Third National Conference on Innovation and Research in Ethics and Education, Religion and Psychology. Tehran, Iran. https://www.civilica.com/doc/967626 (In Persian) American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders:American Psychiatric Publishing, (7th ed.). Arlington. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm Ammerman, B. A., & Brown, S. (2018). The mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between parental expressed emotion and NSSI. Current Psychology, 37(1), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9516-1 Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Wren, A., & Bruzzese, M. E. (2012). The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: Distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-11 Baetens, I., Andrews, T., Claes, L., & Martin, G. (2015). The association between family functioning and NSSI in adolescence: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Family Science, 6(1), 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2015.1056917 Baetens, I., Claes, L., Martin, G., Onghena, P., Grietens, H., Van Leeuwen, K., Pieters, C., Wiersema, J. R., & Griffith, J. W. (2014). Is nonsuicidal self-injury associated with parenting and family factors? The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(3), 387-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613494006 Bahrami Dashtaki, H., Alhzadeh, H., Ghobaribonab, B., & Karami, A. (2006). The Effectiveness of Group Spirituality Training on Decreasing of Depression in Studentds. Counseling Research and Development, 5(19), 49-72. https://www.sid.ir/paper/70150/fa (In Persian) Bahri, S, L., & Mohammadi, N. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale. Journalof Family Research, 10(4), 87-101. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96445.html (In Persian) Bar, M., Schrieber, G., Gueron-Sela, N., Shahar, G., & Tikotzky, L. (2020). Role of self-criticism, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in young adults’ insomnia. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 13(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-019-00058-2 Barcaccia, B., Salvati, M., Pallini, S., Baiocco, R., Curcio, G., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2020). Interpersonal forgiveness and adolescent depression: The mediational role of self-reassurance and self-criticism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 462-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01550-1 Beck, A. T., & Beamesderfer, A. (1974). Assessment of depression: the depression inventory. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 7(0), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1159/000395074 Beck, A.T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, 78(2), 490-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/t00742-000 Bentley, K. H., Nock, M. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). The four-function model of non-suicidal self-injury: Key directions for future research. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(5), 638-656. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613514563 Bhuptani, P. H., Kaufman, J. S., Messman-Moore, T. L., Gratz, K. L., & DiLillo, D. (2019). Rape disclosure and depression among community women: The mediating roles of shame and experiential avoidance. Violence Against Women. 25(10), 1226-1242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218811683 Bilsen, J. (2018). Suicide and youth: Risk factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00540 Blatt, S. J. (2004). Experiences of depression: Theoretical, clinical, and research perspectives. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10749-000 Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books Brunner, R., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., ... & Wasserman, D. (2014). Life‐time prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent direct self‐injurious behavior: A comparative study of findings in 11 European countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(4), 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12166 Bryan, C. J., Bryan, A. O., Ray-Sannerud, B. N., Etienne, N., & Morrow, C. E. (2014). Suicide attempts before joining the military increase risk for suicide attempts and severity of suicidal ideation among military personnel and veterans. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 534-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.006 Buss, D. M. (2019). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. (6th ed., pp. 584). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429061417 Caldwell, J., Meredith, P., Whittingham, K., & Ziviani, J. (2021). Shame and guilt in the postnatal period: a systematic review. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1754372 Cantz, P., & Kaplan, K. (2017). Biblical narratives for positive psychology and suicide prevention: an evidence supported approach. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(7), 654-678. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1383373 Carver, C. S., & Ganellen, R. J. (1983). Depression and components of self-punitiveness: High standards, self-criticism, and overgeneralization. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92(3), 330-337. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.330 Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005 Cherry, M. G., Taylor, P. J., Brown, S. L., Rigby, J. W., & Sellwood, W. (2017). Guilt, shame and expressed emotion in careers of people with long-term mental health difficulties: A systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 249, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.056 Demet, E. O., (2006). The relationships between self-criticism, submissive behavior and depression among Turkish adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.013 Fatolaahzadeh, N., Majlesi, Z., Mazaheri., Z., Rostami, M., & Navabinejad., SH. (2017). The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy with internalized shame and self-criticism on emotionally abused women. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2017.12381.1274 (In Persian) Fliege, H., Lee, J., Grimm, A., & Klapp, B. (2009). Risk factors and correlates of deliberate self-harm behavior: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66, 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.013 Foroughi, A, A., Khanjani, S., Kazemeini, M., & Tayeri., F. (2015). Factor structure and psychometric properties of iranian version of external shame scale. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(2), 50-57. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25886657.1394.2.2.7.1 (In Persian) Frey, L. M., & Cerel, J. (2015). Risk for suicide and the role of family: A narrative review. Journal of Family Issues, 36(6), 716-736. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13515885 Gao, Y., Wang, H., Liu, X., Xiong, Y., & Wei, M. (2020). Associations between stressful life events, non‐suicidal self‐injury, and depressive symptoms among Chinese rural‐to‐urban children: A three‐wave longitudinal study. Stress and Health, 36(4), 522-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2954 Gilbert, P. (2007). The evolution of shame as a marker for relationship security: A biopsychosocial approach. In J. L. Tracy, R. W. Robins, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 283–309). The Guilford Press. Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264 Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263–325). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203003459 Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507 Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Gibbons, L., Chotai, S., Duarte, J., & Matos, M. (2012). Fears of compassion and happiness in relation to alexithymia, mindfulness, and self‐criticism. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(4), 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02046.x Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C., & Rockliff, H. (2010). Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 563-576. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509X479771 Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608310x526511 Gratz, K. L. & Chapman, A. L. (2009). Freedom from self-harm: Overcoming self-injury with skills from DBT and other treatments. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications Inc. Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A;1012779403943 Gross, K., Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1994). An exploration of shame measures—I: The other as Shamer scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(5), 713-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90149-X Hankin, B. L., & Abela, J. R. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: Prospective rates and risk factors in a 2 ½ year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research, 186(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.056 James, K., Verplanken, B., & Rimes, K.A. (2015). Self-criticism as a mediator in the relationship between unhealthy perfectionism and distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.030 Jiang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, T., & You, J. (2021). Rejection sensitivity and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: Mediation through depressive symptoms and moderation by fear of self-compassion. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 94, 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12293 Khanipour, H., Golzari, M., Shams, J., Zare, H., & Karamlou, S. (2013). Kim, J., Talbot, N. L., & Cicchetti, D. (2009). Childhood abuse and current interpersonal conflict: The role of shame. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(6), 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.10.003 Klonsky, E. D., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007). Self‐injury: A research review for the practitioner. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1045-1056. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20412 Klonsky, E. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Lewis, S., & Walsh, B. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury. Advances in psychotherapy: Evidence- based practice. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe Publishing. LeBlanc, N. J., Toner, E. R., O'Day, E. B., Moore, C. W., Marques, L., Robinaugh, D. J., & McNally, R. J. (2020). Shame, guilt, and pride after loss: Exploring the relationship between moral emotions and psychopathology in bereaved adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 405-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.164 Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., De Leo, D., De Wilde, E. J., ... & Arensman, E. (2011). Psychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(10), 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0210-4 Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., Wilde, E. J. D., Corcoran, P., Feket9e, S., van Heeringen, K., De Leo, D., & Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self‐harm within an international community sample of young people: comparative findings from the Child & Adolescent Self‐harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(6), 667-677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01879.x Madjar, N., Sarel-Mahlev, E., & Klomek, A. B. (2020). Depression symptoms as mediator between adolescents' sense of loneliness at school and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors. Crisis, 42(2), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000702 Mojahed. A., Rajabi, M., Khanjani, S., & Basharpoor, S. (2018). Prediction of self-injury behavior in men with borderline personality disorder based on their symptoms of borderline personality and alexithymia. International Journal of High-Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 7(3), e67693. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.67693 Pauley, G., & McPherson, S. (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self‐compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608309X471000 Perkins, N. M., Ortiz, S. N., & Smith, A. R. (2020). Self-criticism longitudinally predicts nonsuicidal self-injury in eating disorders. Eating Disorders, 28(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2019.1695450 Scheff, T. J. (2017). Being mentally ill: A sociological theory. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351328241 Selby, E. A., Bender, T. W., Gordon, K. H., Nock, M. K., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2012). Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder: A preliminary study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024405 Shields, C. G., Franks. P., Harp, J. J., McDaniel, S. H., & Dampbell, T. C. (1992). Development of the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FFEICS): A self- report scale to measure expressed emotions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 395-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1992.tb00953.x Siegel, D. J. (2020). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York Guilford Publications. Singh, V., & Behmani, R. K. (2018). Parenting style and adolescent suicide ideation: A review. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 3(2), 1245-1252. https://www.multidisciplinaryjournal.in/assets/archives/2018/vol3issue2/3-2-186-322.pdf Swannell, S., Martin, G., Page, A., Hasking, P., Hazell, P., Taylor, A., & Protani, M. (2012). Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame. Child Abuse & Neglect. 36(7-8), 572-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.05.005 Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press. Thompson, R. & Zuroff, D. C. (2004). The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences. 36(2), 419-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00106-5 Tlton-Weaver, L., Marshall, S. K., & Svensson, Y. (2019). Depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury during adolescence: Latent patterns of short-term stability and change. Journal of Adolescence. 75, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.013 Wasserman, S., De Mamani, A. W., & Suro, G. (2012). Shame and guilt/self-blame as predictors of expressed emotion in family members of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 196(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.009 Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Dubicka, B., & Goodyer, I. (2011). Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in the Adolescent Depression Antidepressants and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT). American Journal of Psychiatry. 168(5), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050718 Xavier, A., Gouveia, J. P., & Cunha, M. (2016). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The role of shame, self-criticism and fear of self-compassion. Child & Youth Care Forum. 45(4), 571-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9346-1 Xavier, A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Cunha, M., & Dinis, A. (2017). Longitudinal pathways for the maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The pernicious blend of depressive symptoms and self-criticism. Child & Youth Care Forum. 46(6), 841-856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-017-9406-1 Yamaguchi, A., & Kim, M. S. (2013). Effects of self-criticism and its relationship with depression across cultures. International Journal of Psychological Studies. 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v5n1p1 Yates, T. M. (2004). The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation. Clinical Psychology Review. 24(1), 35-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2003.10.001 Zeeck, A., von Wietersheim, J., Weiss, H., Hermann, S., Endorf, K., Lau, I., & Hartmann, A. (2020). Self-criticism and personality functioning predict patterns of symptom change in major depressive disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11, 147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00147 Zetterqvist, M., Lundh, L. G., Dahlström, Ö., & Svedin, C. G. (2013). Prevalence and function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of adolescents, using suggested DSM-5 criteria for a potential NSSI disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 41(5), 759-773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9712-5 | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,789 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,172 |