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اتحادیۀ اقتصادی اوراسیایی و مهاجرت نیروی کار از آسیای مرکزی به روسیه | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
دوره 16، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 349-371 اصل مقاله (590.46 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2023.354593.450127 | ||
نویسنده | ||
طیبه واعظی* | ||
استادیار، گروه مطالعات منطقهای، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
در سالهای آغازین فروپاشی اتحاد شوروی و جایگزینشدن جمهوریهای جدید، مهمترین روند مهاجرت از سوی روستباران ساکن در آسیای مرکزی بود، ولی این روند در سالهای بعد بهویژه از دهۀ 2000 به بعد تغییر کرد. بهطوریکه اینک با پدیدۀ مهاجرت گستردۀ مردم آسیای مرکزی به روسیه روبهرو هستیم. این مهاجرتها که بیشتر با انگیزههای اقتصادی صورت میگیرند تأثیر قابل توجهی بر اقتصاد کشورهای مهاجرفرست بهجای میگذارند؛ تا جایی که در سه دهۀ گذشته دو کشور تاجیکستان و قرقیزستان از نظر سهم حوالهها از تولید ناخالص ملی، همواره در شمار سه کشور نخست جهان بودهاند که بخش قابل توجهی از آن از روسیه تأمین میشود. در این نوشتار همراه با بررسی روندهای مهاجرت در منطقه و ویژگی مهاجران آسیای مرکزی در روسیه، بهدنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که شکلگیری اتحادیۀ اقتصادی اوراسیایی چه تأثیری بر روند مهاجرت از آسیای مرکزی به روسیه داشته است؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح میشود که عضویت کشورهای قزاقستان و قرقیزستان و روسیه در اتحادیۀ اقتصادی اوراسیایی با اثرگذاری بر هزینههای سود و زیان مهاجران کاری روند مهاجرت نیروی کار از دو کشور مورد اشاره به روسیه را افزایش داده است. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که اتحادیۀ اقتصادی اوراسیایی با تسهیل روند مهاجرت نیروی کار، سبب افزایش مهاجرتهای کاری از قزاقستان و قرقیزستان به روسیه شده است. این نوشتار با روش کیفی همبستگی و با ابزار کتابخانهای صورت میگیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مهاجرت؛ اتحادیۀ اقتصادی اوراسیایی؛ ازبکستان؛ قرقیزستان؛ تاجیکستان؛ روسیه؛ قزاقستان | ||
مراجع | ||
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