The effect of different exercise training protocols on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression in rat myocardium

Ghahremani, Mehran; Pourrezaei, Elham; Naghibi, Saeed; Jafari, Afshar

doi:10.22059/sshr.2023.361500.1106

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	The effect of different exercise training protocols on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression in rat myocardium
Sport Sciences and Health Research
دوره 15، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 45-52 اصل مقاله (982.11 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/sshr.2023.361500.1106
نویسندگان
Mehran Ghahremani¹؛ Elham Pourrezaei¹؛ Saeed Naghibi²؛ Afshar Jafari^* ³
¹Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University (Alborz), Karaj, Iran.
²Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
³Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده
Background: There are conflicting findings regarding the effect of various training modalities on the cardiovascular disease mechanisms induced by undesirable modifications in extracellular matrix (ECM) factors such as MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different training protocols on the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression in the myocardium of Wistar male rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult Wistar male rats (aged: 8 weeks) were randomly allocated into two control (Con8w/base, n=8; and Con16w/end control, n=8) and four training groups (MICT, n=8; PICT, n=8; HIIT, n=8; and MIST, n=8). The training protocols consisted of 8 weeks (5 days/week) of Moderate-Intensity, Continuous Training (MICT: 37 min running with 65% vVO₂max), Moderate-Intensity, Swimming Training (MIST: 30 min free-swimming), Progressive-Intensity, Continuous Training (PICT: 28 min running with a progressive increase in the incline of the treadmill by 2% per week), and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT: four running bouts 4 min with 90 to 100% vVO₂max + 3 min with 50-65% vVO₂max). Myocardial samples were isolated 24 hours after the last training session. Gene expression was determined using the real-time PCR method. All data (M±SD) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests at α ≤0.05. Results: There were significant differences between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the animals myocardium after different exercise training protocols (P<0.01). The lowest and highest MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were in the HIIT and MICT protocols, respectively. Conclusion: According to our findings, the HIIT protocol may play a more influential role in enhancing myocardial ECM-remodeling and fibrosis indicators during lifespan than the other exercise protocols.
کلیدواژه‌ها
angiogenesis؛ exercise modalities؛ heart fibrosis؛ gene expression؛ matrix metalloproteinase

مراجع
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The effect of different exercise training protocols on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 gene expression in rat myocardium

[1] Wilkins E, Wilson L, Wickramasinghe K, Bhatnagar P, Leal J, Luengo-Fernandez R, Burns R, Rayner M, Townsend N. “European cardiovascular disease statistics”. 2017. https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/european-cardiovascular-disease-statistics-2017.

[2] Silva AC, Pereira C, Fonseca AC, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS. “Bearing my heart: the role of extracellular matrix on cardiac development, homeostasis, and injury response”. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021; 8: 621644. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.621644.

[3] Presti RL, Hopps E, Caimi G. “Gelatinases and physical exercise: A systematic review of evidence from human studies”. Medicine. 2017; 96(37). e8072. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008072.

[4] Conlon GA, Murray GI. “Recent advances in understanding the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis”. The Journal of Pathology. 2019; 247(5): 629-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5225.

[5] Qorri B, Kalaydina RV, Velickovic A, Kaplya Y, Decarlo A, Szewczuk MR. “Agonist-biased signaling via matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes extracellular matrix remodeling”. Cells. 2018; 7(9): 117. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7090117.

[6] Jaoude J, Koh Y. “Matrix metalloproteinases in exercise and obesity”. Vascular Health and Risk Management. 2016: 287-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S103877.

[7] van Hinsbergh VW, Koolwijk P. “Endothelial sprouting and angiogenesis: matrix metalloproteinases in the lead”. Cardiovascular Research. 2008; 78(2): 203-12.

[9] Brew K, Nagase H. “The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): An ancient family with structural and functional diversity”. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA)-molecular cell research. 2010; 1803(1): 55-71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.003.

[10] Grünwald B, Schoeps B, Krüger A. “Recognizing the molecular multifunctionality and interactome of TIMP-1”. Trends in Cell Biology. 2019; 29(1): 6-19.

[11] Kwak HB. “Aging, exercise, and extracellular matrix in the heart”. J Exerc Rehabil. 2013; 9(3): 338-47. doi: 10.12965/jer.130049. PMID: 24278882; PMCID: PMC3836529.

[13] da Cunha Nascimento D, de Cassia Marqueti Durigan R, Tibana RA, Durigan JL, Navalta JW, Prestes J. “The response of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and-2 to exercise”. Sports Medicine. 2015; 45: 269-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0265-8.

[14] Samiei A, Behpour N, Tadibi V, Fathi R. “Effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on some myocardial fibrosis indices in cardiac muscle of diabetic rats”. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2018; 6(4): 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.29252/aassjournal.6.4.1.

[15] Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. “Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: Practical implications for exercise training”. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2007; 14(6): 753-60.

[16] Bonnema DD, Webb CS, Pennington WR, Stroud RE, Leonardi AE, Clark LL, McClure CD, Finklea L, Spinale FG, Zile MR. “Effects of age on plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)”. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2007; 13(7): 530-40.

[18] Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. “Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method”. Methods. 2001; 25(4): 402-8. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262.

[19] Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Matsushima S. “Oxidative stress and heart failure”. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011; 301(6): H2181-90. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00554.2011. Epub 2011 Sep 23. PMID: 21949114.

[20] Cook MD, Heffernan KS, Ranadive S, Woods JA, Fernhall B. “Effect of resistance training on biomarkers of vascular function and oxidative stress in young African-American and Caucasian men”. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2013; 27(6): 388-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2012.48.

[21] Urso ML, Pierce JR, Alemany JA, Harman EA, Nindl BC. “Effects of exercise training on the matrix metalloprotease response to acute exercise”. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2009; 106: 655-63.

[22] Reihmane D, Jurka A, Tretjakovs P, Dela F. “Increase in IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9, but not sICAM-1, concentrations depends on exercise duration”. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2013; 113: 851-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2491-9.