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نقش بیوچار در حاصلخیزی خاک و بهرهوری محصول در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک: چالشها و فرصتها | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 54، شماره 9، آذر 1402، صفحه 1337-1362 اصل مقاله (1.51 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.361817.669530 | ||
نویسنده | ||
یاسر عظیم زاده* | ||
بخش تحقیقات مدیریت منابع، مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
بیش از 80 درصد از مساحت ایران را مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک تشکیل میدهند. خاکهای خشک و نیمهخشک دارای مشکلات و محدودیتهای متعددی هستند. یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدودکننده حاصلخیزی خاک و تولید محصول در این مناطق، کمبود مواد آلی خاک است. در بیش از 60 درصد از اراضی کشاورزی ایران، میزان کربن آلی خاک کمتر از یک درصد است؛ در حالی که حد مطلوب آن در خاک 3-2 درصد میباشد. مواد آلی خاک بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین شاخصهای سلامت خاک، نقش محوری در حاصلخیزی خاک و تولید محصول دارند؛ بهطوری که با افزایش میزان مواد آلی خاک میتوان ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک را بهبود بخشید و عملکرد گیاه را افزایش داد. با این حال، پایداری و اثر باقیمانده کودها و مواد زائد آلی در خاک کم است. امروزه تبدیل انواع بقایای آلی به بیوچار و افزودن آن به خاک، از روشهای نوین افزایش کربن آلی خاک به شمار میرود. این روش، علاوهبر افزودن کربن آلی و بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک و افزایش عملکرد محصول، بهدلیل پایداری بسیار زیاد، دارای اثرهای باقیمانده زیادی در خاک میباشد. با این حال، بهدلیل ویژگیهای خاص خاکهای مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، به کار بردن بیوچار در این مناطق با چالشهایی همراه بوده و کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله، ضمن مرور اثرات مثبت بیوچار بر شاخصهای کیفی خاک و تولید محصول، چالشهای کاربرد بیوچار در خاکهای مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک بهویژه دیمزارها و راهکارهای برطرف نمودن این چالشها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ترسیب کربن؛ دیم؛ کربن آلی؛ حاصلخیزی؛ مواد آلی خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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