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ارزیابی فصلی عملکرد آبیاری در باغ‌های هلو و شلیل (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 5، مرداد 1402، صفحه 771-788 اصل مقاله (1.98 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.356915.669503 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزین پرچمی عراقی* 1؛ مهدی اکبری2 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارزیابی عملکرد آبیاری در شرایط واقعی بهره‌برداری به‌عنوان نخستین گام در جهت بهبود مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی محسوب می‌شود. در این پژوهش، عملکرد فصلی آبیاری هلو و شلیل در شرایط واقعی بهره‌برداری از طریق پایش 24 باغ واقع در استان اردبیل (شهرستان‌های پارس‌آباد و مشگین‌شهر)، در فصل زراعی 1398-1397 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مجموع آب کاربردی و بارش موثر فصلی (I + Pe) و عملکرد میوه به‌ترتیب، بین 280 تا 1675 میلی‌متر و 00/1 تا 43/32 تن بر هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین وزنی 582 میلی‌متر و 61/14 تن بر هکتار). میانگین نمایه تأمین نسبی آبیاری (RIS) برای روش آبیاری قطره‌ای (25/1) به‌طور معنی‌داری (P < 0.05) پایین‌تر از روش آبیاری سطحی (66/1) بود. اثر سطح مهارت بهره‌بردار، کشت مخلوط درختان، فواصل کشت درختان، روش آبیاری و خسارت‌های بیماری/سرمازدگی بر نمایه‌های بهره‌وری آب معنی‌دار (P < 0.05) بود. در باغ‌های تحت کشت ارقام زودرس، دیررس و ترکیبی از ارقام زودرس و دیررس به‌ترتیب، 75، 25 و 15 درصد از آب کاربردی فصلی به‌دوره پس از برداشت میوه اختصاص یافت. خسارت بیماری/سرمازدگی موجب کاهش به‌ترتیب، 87 و 85 درصدی عملکرد میوه و نمایه بهره‌وری آب (WPI+Pe) در مقایسه با باغ‌های فاقد خسارت شدید شد. تحت محدودیت‌های فنی و اقتصادی فعلی، اکثر باغ‌های مورد مطالعه مدیریت منطقی (اما با بهره‌وری پایین) آب آبیاری را تجربه کردند. ارتقای راندمان آبیاری و عملکرد میوه، کنترل خسارت‌های بیماری/سرمازدگی و اجرای کم‌آبیاری کنترل شده در دوره‌های قبل و پس از برداشت میوه موثرترین راهکارهای بهبود نمایه‌های بهره‌وری آب در منطقه مطالعاتی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبیاری سطحی؛ آبیاری قطره‌ای؛ خسارت پیچیدگی برگ؛ خسارت سرمازدگی؛ فائو پنمن-مانتیث | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Seasonal Irrigation Performance Assessment in Peaches and Nectarines Orchards (a Case Study: Ardabil Province, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzin Parchami-Araghi1؛ Mehdi Akbari2 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Irrigation performance assessments under actual operation conditions are required as a first step toward improving agricultural water management. In this study, the seasonal irrigation performance of peaches and nectarines was evaluated under actual operation conditions by monitoring 24 orchards, in Ardabil Province (Parsabad and Meshginshahr counties), Iran, during the growing season 2018-2019. The total sum of seasonal applied water and effective precipitation (I + Pe) and the fruit yield ranged from 280-1675 mm and 1.00-32.43 ton ha-1 (with a weighted average of 582 mm and 14.61 ton ha-1), respectively. The mean Relative Irrigation Supply index (RIS) for the drip irrigation method (1.25) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the surface irrigation method (1.66). The water productivity indicators were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the orchardist's skill level, interplantion of trees, tree spacing, irrigation method, and disease/frost (DF) damage. Post-harvest period accounted for a mean proportion of 75, 25, and 15% of the seasonal applied water in orchards with early-season, late-season, and mixed early- and late-season cultivars, respectively. DF damage accounted for an 87 and 85% reduction in fruit yield and water productivity (WPI+Pe), respectively, compared to the orchards without severe DF damage. Under the current technological and economic constraints, most of the study orchards experienced a rational (but yet with low productivity) irrigation water management. Improving irrigation efficiency and fruit yield, controlling DF damage, and implementing regulated deficit irrigation during pre- and post-harvest stages are the most effective approaches to improve water productivity indicators in the study area. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Drip Irrigation, FAO Penman-Monteith, Frost Damage, Leaf Curl Damage, Surface Irrigation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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