تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,555 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,740 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,721,283 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,915,188 |
ارزیابی فصلی عملکرد آبیاری در باغهای هلو و شلیل (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 54، شماره 5، مرداد 1402، صفحه 771-788 اصل مقاله (1.98 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.356915.669503 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فرزین پرچمی عراقی* 1؛ مهدی اکبری2 | ||
1بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
2موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
ارزیابی عملکرد آبیاری در شرایط واقعی بهرهبرداری بهعنوان نخستین گام در جهت بهبود مدیریت منابع آب کشاورزی محسوب میشود. در این پژوهش، عملکرد فصلی آبیاری هلو و شلیل در شرایط واقعی بهرهبرداری از طریق پایش 24 باغ واقع در استان اردبیل (شهرستانهای پارسآباد و مشگینشهر)، در فصل زراعی 1398-1397 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مجموع آب کاربردی و بارش موثر فصلی (I + Pe) و عملکرد میوه بهترتیب، بین 280 تا 1675 میلیمتر و 00/1 تا 43/32 تن بر هکتار اندازهگیری شد (بهترتیب، با میانگین وزنی 582 میلیمتر و 61/14 تن بر هکتار). میانگین نمایه تأمین نسبی آبیاری (RIS) برای روش آبیاری قطرهای (25/1) بهطور معنیداری (P < 0.05) پایینتر از روش آبیاری سطحی (66/1) بود. اثر سطح مهارت بهرهبردار، کشت مخلوط درختان، فواصل کشت درختان، روش آبیاری و خسارتهای بیماری/سرمازدگی بر نمایههای بهرهوری آب معنیدار (P < 0.05) بود. در باغهای تحت کشت ارقام زودرس، دیررس و ترکیبی از ارقام زودرس و دیررس بهترتیب، 75، 25 و 15 درصد از آب کاربردی فصلی بهدوره پس از برداشت میوه اختصاص یافت. خسارت بیماری/سرمازدگی موجب کاهش بهترتیب، 87 و 85 درصدی عملکرد میوه و نمایه بهرهوری آب (WPI+Pe) در مقایسه با باغهای فاقد خسارت شدید شد. تحت محدودیتهای فنی و اقتصادی فعلی، اکثر باغهای مورد مطالعه مدیریت منطقی (اما با بهرهوری پایین) آب آبیاری را تجربه کردند. ارتقای راندمان آبیاری و عملکرد میوه، کنترل خسارتهای بیماری/سرمازدگی و اجرای کمآبیاری کنترل شده در دورههای قبل و پس از برداشت میوه موثرترین راهکارهای بهبود نمایههای بهرهوری آب در منطقه مطالعاتی است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آبیاری سطحی؛ آبیاری قطرهای؛ خسارت پیچیدگی برگ؛ خسارت سرمازدگی؛ فائو پنمن-مانتیث | ||
مراجع | ||
Abbasi, F., Sohrab, F. and Abbasi, N. (2017). Evaluation of Irrigation Efficiencies in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17(67), 113-120. (in Persian) Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H.R., Hatami, F., Mohammadnia-Afrozi, S., Esfandiaripour, E., Abbas Taghani, R., Yari, S. and Kalantari, M.S. (2020). Iran agricultural statistical yearbook (2019-2020), Volume III: Horticulture crops. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Iran, 157 pp. (in Persian) Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56, FAO, Rome, Italy, 301 pp. Ayars, J.E., Johnson, R.S., Phene, C.J., Trout, T.J., Clark, D.A. and Mead, R.M. (2003). Water use by drip-irrigated late-season peaches. Irrigation Science, 22(3-4), 187-194. Bassi, D. and Monet, R. (2008). Botany and Taxonomy. In: Layne, D.R. and Bassi, D. (Eds.), The Peach Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International, Cambridge, USA, pp. 1-36. Boland, A.M., Bewsell, D. and Kaine, G. (2006). Adoption of sustainable irrigation management practices by stone and pome fruit growers in the Goulburn/Murray Valleys, Australia. Irrigation Science, 24(2), 137-145. Bos, M.G. (1994). Basics of Groundwater Flow. In: Ritzema, H.P. (Ed.), Drainage Principles and Applications. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement ( ILRI), Publication 16, second revised edition, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 225-261. Bos, M.G., Kselik, R.A.L., Allen, R.G. and Molden, D. (2008). Water requirements for irrigation and the environment. Springer, New York, USA. Brouwer, C., Prins, K. and Heibloem, M. (1989). Irrigation water management: irrigation scheduling. Training manual No. 4, FAO, Rome, Italy. Clemmens, A.J. and Burt, C.M. (1997). Accuracy of irrigation efficiency estimates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage engineering, 123(6), 443-453. Conesa, M.R., Conejero, W., Vera, J., Agulló, V., García-Viguera, C. and Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. (2021). Irrigation management practices in nectarine fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage. Agricultural Water Management, 243, 106519. Dargahi, Z., Nazari, B., Ramezani Etedali, H. and Mazandranizadeh, H. (2018). Evaluation of modern irrigation systems based on economic water productivity and irrigation efficiency indices in Qazvin province. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 12(3), 683-695. (in Persian) De la Rosa, J.M., Conesa, M.R., Domingo, R., Aguayo, E., Falagán, N. and Pérez-Pastor, A. (2016). Combined effects of deficit irrigation and crop level on early nectarine trees. Agricultural Water Management, 170, 120-132. Eslami, A. (2016). Irrigation water measurement tools in surface irrigation methods. Agricultural Research, Training and Extension Organization, Fars Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Technical Journal, No. 44, Shiraz, Iran, 24 pp. (In Persian) Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Data (FAOSTAT). (2023). FAO Statistical Data. (Available at: http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home/E) Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particles size analysis. . In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 – Physical and Mineralogical Methods, second ed., Monograph 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 383–411. Ghrab, M., Masmoudi, M.M. and Ben Mechlia, N. (2017). Water productivity in fruit trees orchards under water scarcity. In: Marsal, J. and Girona, J. (Eds.), VIII International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, 25 January 2017, Lleida, Spain. Acta Horticulturae, pp. 317-322. Girona, J., Fereres, E., Marsal, J., Goldhamer, D.A., Naor, A. and Soriano, M.A. (2012). Peach. In: Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Fereres, E. and Raes, D. (Eds.), Crop yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 66, Rome, Italy, pp. 392-406. Girona, J., Gelly, M., Mata, M., Arbones, A., Rufat, J. and Marsal, J. (2005). Peach tree response to single and combined deficit irrigation regimes in deep soils. Agricultural Water Management, 72(2), 97-108. Girona, J., Marsal, J., Arbones, A. and Dejong, T.M. (2004). A comparison of the combined effect of water stress and crop load on fruit growth during different phenological stages in young peach trees. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79(2), 308-315. Girona, J., Mata, M., Arbonès, A., Alegre, S., Rufat, J. and Marsal, J. (2003). Peach tree response to single and combined regulated deficit irrigation regimes under shallow soils. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(3), 432-440. Girona, J., Mata, M., Fereres, E., Goldhamer, D.A. and Cohen, M. (2002). Evapotranspiration and soil water dynamics of peach trees under water deficits. Agricultural Water Management, 54(2), 107-122. Guizani, M., Dabbou, S., Maatallah, S., Montevecchi, G., Hajlaoui, H., Rezig, M., Helal, A.N. and Kilani-Jaziri, S. (2019). Physiological responses and fruit quality of four peach cultivars under sustained and cyclic deficit irrigation in center-west of Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 217, 81-97. Gunduz, M., Korkmaz, N., Asik, S., Unal, H.B. and Avci, M. (2011). Effects of various irrigation regimes on soil water balance, yield, and fruit quality of drip-irrigated peach trees. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137(7), 426-434. Jolaini, M. and Gangimoghadam, E. (2016). Effect of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Methods and Different Water Levels on Vegetable Characteristics, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Peach Cultivars. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 10(2), 262-271. (in Persian) Keller, J. and Bliesner, R.D. (1990). Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA, 652 pp. Loreti, F. and Massai, R. (2005). ´Castore´ And ´Polluce´: two new hybrid rootstocks for peach and nectarine. In: Infante, R. (Ed.), VI International Peach Symposium, 30 July 2006, Santiago, Chile. Acta Horticulturae, pp. 275-278. Lorite, I.J., Mateos, L. and Fereres, E. (2004). Evaluating irrigation performance in a Mediterranean environment: II. Variability among crops and farmers. Irrigation Science, 23, 85-92. Malano, H.M. and Burton, M. (2001). Guidelines for benchmarking performance in the irrigation and drainage sector. FAO, Rome, Italy, 44 pp. Merriam, J.L. and Keller, J. (1978). Farm irrigation system evaluation: a guide for management, 3rd edition. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA, 271 pp. Mokari-Ghahroodi, E., Noory, H. and Liaghat, A. (2015). Performance evaluation study and hydrologic and productive analysis of irrigation systems at the Qazvin irrigation network (Iran). Agricultural Water Management, 148, 189-195. Molden, D., Murray-Rust, H., Sakthivadivel, R. and Makin, I. (2003). A water-productivity framework for understanding and action. In: Kijne, W., Barkers, R. and Molden, D. (Eds.), Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvements. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Moreno-Pérez, M.F. and Roldán-Cañas, J. (2013). Assessment of irrigation water management in the Genil-Cabra (Córdoba, Spain) irrigation district using irrigation indicators. Agricultural water management, 120, 98-106. Nevada Irrigation District (NID). (2016). Agricultural Water Management Plan, Prepared for Nevada Irrigation District. Nevada Irrigation District, Grass Valley, CA, USA, 443 pp. Parchami-Araghi, F., Abbasi, F. and Akhavan, K. (2022). Assessment of Soybean Applied Water and Water Productivity (a case study: Tail End Region of Moghan Irrigation and Drainage Network, Ardabil Province, Iran). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research ISNN, 2423, 7833. (in Persian) Parchami-Araghi, F., Mirlatifi, S.M., Ghorbani-Dashtaki, S., Vazifehdoust, M. and Sadeghi-Lari, A. (2016). Development of a disaggregation framework toward the estimation of subdaily reference evapotranspiration: 1-Performance comparison of some daily-to-subdaily weather data disaggregation models. Journal of Water and Soil, 30(2). (in Persian) Rhoades, J.D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T. and Sumner, M.E. (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc. , Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 417-435. Rubio-Asensio, J.S., Franch, V., López, F., Bonet, L., Buesa, I. and Intrigliolo, D.S. (2018). Towards a near-soilless culture for woody perennial crops in open field conditions. Scientia horticulturae, 240, 460-467. Salvador, R., Martínez-Cob, A., Cavero, J. and Playán, E. (2011). Seasonal on-farm irrigation performance in the Ebro basin (Spain): Crops and irrigation systems. Agricultural Water Management, 98(4), 577-587. Stambouli, T., Zapata, N. and Faci, J.M. (2012). Irrigation patterns and scheduling of a telecontrolled irrigation district in northeastern Spain. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 138(6), 503-516. Todorovic, M., Karic, B. and Pereira, L.S. (2013). Reference evapotranspiration estimate with limited weather data across a range of Mediterranean climates. Journal of Hydrology, 481, 166-176. Tong, X., Wu, P., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhou, W. and Wang, Z. (2022). A global meta-analysis of fruit tree yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 260, 107321. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (1979). Map of the world distribution of arid regions: explanatory note. MAB Technical Notes 7, UNESCO, Paris, 1-42 pp. USDA-NRCS. (1993). Chapter 2: Irrigation water requirements. Part 623: Irrigation. National Engineering Handbook, United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC., 284 pp. Vera, J., Conejero, W., Conesa, M.R. and Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. (2019). Irrigation factor approach based on soil water content: A nectarine orchard case study. Water, 11(3), 589. Wang, D. (2011). Deficit irrigation of peach trees to reduce water consumption. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 145, 497-505. Wang, D., Zhang, H. and Gartung, J. (2020). Long-term productivity of early season peach trees under different irrigation methods and postharvest deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 230, 105940. Wang, S., Wang, W., Lei, X., Wang, S., Li, X. and Norton, T. (2022). Canopy Segmentation Method for Determining the Spray Deposition Rate in Orchards. Agronomy, 12(5), 1195. Yang, K. and Koike, T. (2005). A general model to estimate hourly and daily solar radiation for hydrological studies. Water Resources Research, 41, W10403. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 291 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 280 |