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ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی کرمهای خاکی در زمینهای کشاورزی و مراتع زاگرس شمالی | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
دوره 77، ویژه نامه بوم شناسی و مدیریت تنوع زیستی، مرداد 1403، صفحه 15-31 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2023.356720.2537 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شادی کریمی فرد1؛ فراهم احمدزاده* 1؛ فاطمه آقامیر* 2 | ||
1گروه تنوع زیستی، پژوهشکدة علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
2گروه اگرواکولوژی، پژوهشکدة گیاهان و مواد اولیة دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
بیشترین بخش تنوع زیستی بومسازگانهای خشکی، در مراتع و زمینهای کشاورزی است. رشته کوه زاگرس بهلحاظ اهمیت زیستشناختی از غنیترین و متنوعترین تنوع زیستی برخوردار است که با مخاطرات تغییر کاربری اراضی و گونههای مهاجم مواجه میباشد. کرمهای خاکی، مهندسان اکوسیستم خاک در فرآیندهای فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک و مطالعات تکاملی بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفتهاند. پژوهشهای اخیر حاکی از اثر نامطلوب فعالیتهای انسانی و تغییر کاربری اراضی بر تنوع کرمهای خاکی است. از آنجا که شناسایی کرم های خاکی با استفاده از روشهای ریختشناسی دارای ابهاماتی است؛ براین اساس برای تفکیک کرم ها نیازمند بکارگیری راهکارهای ژنتیکی و استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی هستیم. در این پژوهش با استفاده از اطلاعات ریختشناسی و نشانگر مولکولی COI، واحدهای عملکردی تاکسونومیک OTU) ها)[1] در کرمهای خاکی شناسایی شدند. سپس با استفاده ازروش تجزیه و تحلیل آماری چندفاکتوری تأثیر کاربریهای زراعی بر تنوع ژنتیکی کرمهای خاکی در زاگرس مرکزی، شهرستان بروجرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج درخت تبارشناختی، نمونههای بهدست آمده از این پژوهش به 13 OTU متعلق به هفت جنس تفکیک شدند. نتایج مقایسة مراتع و زمینهای زراعی گندم، یونجه، چغندرقند و شبدر نشان داد که OTUهای زمینهای زراعی، همگی متعلق به خانوادة Lumbricidae و OTU های مراتع علاوه بر این خانواده، در خانوادههای Megascolecidae و Hormogastridae قرار داشت. در مجموع، چهار جنس Helodrilus، Aporrectodea، Bimastos و Allolobophora در زمینهای کشاورزی و شش جنس Metaphire، Aporrectodea، Bimastos، Esenia، Allolobophora و Hormogaster در مراتع مشاهده گردید. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل رتبهبندی روش تجزیه و تحلیل چندفاکتوری در گروههای کاربری زمین، ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک و شاخصهای فراوانی و تنوع زیستی OTUهای کرمهای خاکی با نه فاکتور در 36 متغیر نشان داد کهOTU های C، H و I همگی از گونة Aporrectodea rosea بیشترین کارآیی براساس تجزیه و تحلیل چند فاکتوری را در فراوانی و تنوع زیستی داشته است. شاخص کارآیی تنوع زیستی کرمهای خاکی بومسازگان مراتع در تمامی موارد بیشتر از سیستمهای کشاورزی بوده است. کشت یونجه در مقایسه با سایر بومسازگانهای زراعی (گندم، چغندرقند و شبدر) بیشترین شاخص کارآیی در تنوع زیستی کرمهای خاکی را داشته است و کمترین شاخص کارآیی در کشت گندم بوده است. زمینهای زراعی چغندرقند و یونجه تنوعOTU بیشتری در مقایسه با زمینهای زراعی شبدر و گندم داشته است. گزینش کشت یونجه در تناوب زراعی سبب تنوع زیستی کرمهای خاکی و پایداری بومنظامهای کشاورزی خواهد شد. با توجه به اهمیت کرمهای خاکی در ارائة خدمات اکوسیستم و کیفیت خاک، ضروری است که پژوهشهای بیشتری در زمینة اثر بومنظامهای زراعی رایج بر تنوع زیستی کرمهای خاکی صورت گیرد. [1]Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بارکدگذاری؛ تنوع زیستی؛ کاربری زمین؛ کم تاران خاکزی. واحدهای عملکردی تاکسونومیک | ||
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