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شناسایی مؤلفههای بافتی در مدرسۀ تابآور: مروری نظاممند. | ||
فصلنامه پژوهشهای کاربردی روانشناختی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 1، 1402، صفحه 15-30 اصل مقاله (570.24 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/japr.2023.343533.644275 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
لیلا افضلی1؛ سیمین حسینیان* 2؛ زهرا نقش3 | ||
1پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀعلوم تربیتی و روانشناسی،دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران | ||
2استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران. | ||
3دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مؤلفههای بافتی در مدرسۀ تابآور با روش مطالعۀ مروری نظاممند انجام گرفت. برای انجام آن، مقالات مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش مطالعه شد. برای پرداختن به این امر، جستوجوی هدفمندی در ادبیات تابآوری (2021-2006) در مقالات و نشریات موجود در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی اریک، الزویر، اسکوپوس، نورمگ، ایران داک، مگ ایران و پایگاه مرکز اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی انجام شد و از میان 400 پژوهش، استخراج دادهها به نتایجی محدود شد که توضیح میدهند چگونه هر جنبهای از بافت مدرسه از تابآوری پشتیبانی میکند. درنهایت 32 پژوهش برای بررسی دقیق انتخاب شدند. مرور پژوهشهای مرتبط با بافت و متن تابآورانۀ مدرسه نشان داد عناصر بافتی حاضر در مدرسه در سه مقولۀ معلم، بدنۀ کلی مدرسه و همسالان قابلبررسی است. بهعلاوه، دو اهرم درخصوص ارتباط مؤثر میان دانشآموزان و بزرگسالان و همچنین کمک به تابآوری معلم، در کنار سه مقولۀ اصلی میتواند بافت تابآور در مدرسه ایجاد کند. محور اول، بر اهمیت نقش معلم تأکید دارد و شامل مؤلفههای حمایت از خودمختاری دانشآموز، مشارکت دانشآموز، حمایتگری و مشوقبودن معلم، ارتباط محترمانه و انتظارات تنظیمشده از دانشآموزان است. محور دوم به بافت کلی مدرسه اشاره دارد و شامل شش مؤلفه است: برابری و عدالت در مدرسه، اجتناب از برچسبزنی، محیط یادگیری امن، جو مدرسه، رفع نیازهای اولیه دانشآموزان در مدرسه و فعالیتهای فراتر از برنامۀ درسی. سومین محور مبتنی بر نقش همسالان است که همسالان را حامیان دائمی تابآوری میداند و شامل پذیرش و حمایت دانشآموز از سوی همسالان، مشارکت و اتحاد متقابل در انجام تکالیف و استفاده از حلقههای صلحساز دانشآموزی برای حل مشکلات رفتاری است. موضوع محور چهارم سایر بزرگسالان است و نقش هدایتگری بزرگسالان و حمایت والدین از تحصیل فرزندان را مدنظر قرار داده است. محور پنجم مبتنی بر تابآوری معلم است. در این راستا، سه موضوع درخصوص کمک روانشناسان به معلمان، نقش اکولوژی مدرسه در تابآوری معلم و افزایش آگاهی آنها از فرایندهای تابآوری مطرح شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تابآوری تحصیلی؛ مدرسۀ تابآور؛ بافت تابآور | ||
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مراجع | ||
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