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بررسی آماری تحول لایه مرزی جوی شهر زنجان با استفاده از داده‌های لیدار پس‌پراکنش کشسان | ||
| فیزیک زمین و فضا | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 49، شماره 2، شهریور 1402، صفحه 423-430 اصل مقاله (1.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jesphys.2023.341541.1007419 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میلاد عسکری1؛ سعیده بیات1؛ امیر معصومی* 1؛ روح‌اله مراد حاصلی2 | ||
| 1گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ارتفاع لایه مرزی جوی بر اساس داده‌های حاصل از لیدار پس‌پراکنش کشسان مستقر در دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان برای شهر زنجان استخراج شد. بر اساس کاهش محسوس نمایه ارتفاعی ضریب پس‌پراکنش خاموش‌شده لیدار در گذر از لایه مرزی جوی به جو آزاد و با روش تبدیل کوواریانس موجک، ارتفاع لایه مرزی برای 105 روز داده‌برداری لیدار از جو زنجان و در بازه زمانی 1390-1391 (2011-2012) محاسبه شد. تحول زمانی تغییرات ارتفاع لایه مرزی در طول شبانه‌روز به تفکیک فصلی و نیز برای کل داده‌ها انجام گرفت. با طلوع (غروب) آفتاب و افزایش (کاهش) دمای هوا، افزایش (کاهش) ضخامت لایه مرزی در توافق با مطالعات گذشته مشاهده شد. همچنین مقدار میانگین روزانه ارتفاع لایه مرزی در طول سال مطالعه شد. بیشترین مقدار این کمیت در فصل تابستان و با مقدار میانگین 597/2 کیلومتر بالاتر از سطح زمین و با انحراف معیار 714/0 کیلومتر ثبت شد. کمترین مقدار آن نیز در فصل زمستان (با مقدار میانگین 975/0 کیلومتر بالاتر از سطح زمین و با انحراف معیار 556/0 کیلومتر) مشاهده شد. مقدار میانگین کل ارتفاع لایه مرزی نیز 067/2 کیلومتر به دست آمد. همچنین ارتباط معنادار و مستقیمی بین دمای سطح زمین و ارتفاع لایه مرزی به ویژه در فصل زمستان مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| لایه مرزی جوی؛ سنجش از دور؛ لیدار؛ روش تبدیل کوواریانس موجک؛ زنجان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A statistical study of atmospheric boundary layer evolution using backscatter lidar data for the city of Zanjan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Milad Askari1؛ Saeedeh Bayat1؛ Amir Masoumi1؛ Ruhollah Moradhaseli2 | ||
| 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The boundary layer is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere and is directly affected by the Earth's surface. Humans live within the boundary layer, and the height of this layer affects air quality and their physical and mental health. It also affects commercial activities such as air and sea transport. Therefore, measuring the height of the boundary layer and knowing how it evolves is very important. The height of the atmospheric boundary layer is measured in two general ways: in-situ measurements and remote sensing methods. The main disadvantages of in-situ measurements are their cost and the impossibility of continuous measurement. On the other hand, remote sensing methods use the concept of the interaction of sound or electromagnetic waves with the components of the atmosphere. It uses instruments such as Sodar, Radar, and Lidar to continuously study the boundary layer's height at a lower cost. In this study, the data obtained from the elastic backscatter Lidar measurements have been used to extract the boundary layer's height for the city of Zanjan. The Lidar is located at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), and its 532 nm wavelength channel is used in this study. Also, the method used in this study is the Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT) method. The attenuated backscatter coefficient or the range-corrected signal is expected to decrease for ground-based Lidars as the height increases. As it exits the boundary layer, the concentration of atmospheric particles decreases sharply, and therefore the backscattered signal is expected to drop significantly. The WCT method uses this sharp reduction of the signal to detect the height of the boundary layer. The wavelet covariance transform function, in simple terms, calculates the difference between the Lidar range-corrected signal for a given height interval and the Lidar range-corrected signal for a higher altitude interval. As a result, the peak height equivalent of this function Corresponds to the height of the boundary layer. In this study, only the period 2011-2012 was studied because of the significant number of measurements. In total, we had 105 days of data during the mentioned period, the first of which is related to April 13, 2011, and the last of which is related to October 15, 2012. All measurements are taken for days with no active synoptic conditions. In winter, we have the lowest daily average value of the boundary layer height (0.975±0.556 km), and in summer, we have its maximum value (2.597±0.714 km). In the two seasons of spring and autumn, the extracted values of the height of the boundary layer are very close to each other and are about 1.9 km above ground level (AGL). Therefore, there is a direct correlation between air temperature and the height of the boundary layer. Finally, the daily-averaged value of the boundary layer height for the whole 105 days of data was 2,067 km AGL. Also, the hourly-averaged height of the atmospheric boundary layer has been extracted and plotted for all four seasons. For these data, a good relationship is observed between air temperature and the height of the boundary layer, especially in winter, which is expected to improve accuracy if further measurements are made. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Atmospheric boundary layer, Remote sensing, Lidar, Wavelet Covariance Transform method, Zanjan | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Anderson, P. S., Ladkin, R. S., & Reinfrew, L. A. (2005). An autonomous Doppler sodar wind profiling system. Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 22, 1309-1325. Andrews, D. G. (2010). An introduction to atmospheric physics, Cambridge university press. Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Engelmann R., & Althausen, D. (2008). Continuous monitoring of the boundary-layer top with lidar. Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 8, 7281-7296. Bidokhti, A. A., Khoshsima, M., Sabetghadam, S., & Khalesifard, H. M. (2008). Estimation of urban mixed layer height in Zanjan using LIDAR observations and numerical modeling. Journal of earth system science, 117, 925–934. Dang, R., Yang, Y., Hu, X., Wang, Z., & Zhang, S. (2019). A review of techniques for diagnosing the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) using aerosol lidar data. Remote Sensing, 11, 1-28. Emeis, S. (2009). Surface-based remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer, Springer press. Garratt, J. R. (1992). The atmospheric boundary layer, Cambridge university press. Khoshsima, M., Sabetghadam, S., Ahmadi-Givi, F., & Aliakbari-Bidokhti, A. A. (2015). The role of atmospheric boundary layer height on remote sensing indices: Relationship between PM10 concentration and aerosol optical depth. Journal of Climate Research, 21, 1-8. Oke, T. R. (2002). Boundary layer climates, Taylor & Francis e-library press. Pegahfar, N., Aliakbari-Bidokhti, A. A., & Zawar-Reza P. (2013). Parameterization of nocturnal stable boundary layer height (NSBLH) and effect of NSBLH on air pollution in an urban area with complex topography (Tehran). Journal of the earth and space physics, 38, 4, 189-206. Wang, X., & Wang, K. (2016). Homogenized variability of radiosonde-derived atmospheric boundary layer height over the global land surface from 1973 to 2014. Journal of climate, 29, 6893-6908. Weitkamp, C. (2005). Lidar, Range-resolved optical remote sensing of the atmosphere, Springer press. | ||
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