Can Perceived Overqualification Increase Cyberloafing? An Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

Agarwal, U. A., & Avey, J. B. (2020).  Abusive supervisors and employees who cyberloaf: examining the roles of psychological capital and contract breach. Internet Research. 30(3). 789-809.

Ahad, R., Mustafa, M. Z., Mohamad, S., Abdullah, N. H. S., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Work Attitude, Organizational Commitment and Emotional Intelligence of Malaysian Vocational College Teachers. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(1), 15-21.

Akın, A., & Ulukök, E. (2016). Fazla nitelikliliğin bireysel ve örgütsel sonuçlarının incelenmesine yönelik kavramsal bir değerlendirme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(4), 71-86.‏

Alfes, K., Shantz, A., & van Baalen, S. (2016). Reducing perceptions of overqualification and its impact on job satisfaction: The dual roles of interpersonal relationships at work. Human Resource Management Journal, 26(1), 84-101.

Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18.‏

Andel, S. A., Kessler, S. R., Pindek, S., Kleinman, G., & Spector, P. E. (2019). Is cyberloafing more complex than we originally thought? Cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace aggression exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 124-130.

Andel, S. A., Kessler, S. R., Pindek, S., Kleinman, G., & Spector, P. E. (2019). Is cyberloafing more complex than we originally thought? Cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace aggression exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 124-130.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.

Baturay, M. H., & Toker, S. (2015). An investigation of the impact of demographics on cyberloafing from an educational setting angle. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 358-366.

Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American journal of Sociology, 66(1), 32-40.

Blau, P. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, Wiley, New York, NY.

Bolino, M. C., & Feldman, D. C. (2000). The antecedents and consequences of underemployment among expatriates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(8), 889-911.

Carpenter, N. C., & Berry, C. M. (2017). Are counterproductive work behavior and withdrawal empirically distinct? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Management, 43(3), 834-863.

Chen, H., Richard, O. C., Boncoeur, O. D., & Ford Jr, D. L. (2020). Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Business Research, 114, 30-41.

Cheng, B., Zhou, X., Guo, G., & Yang, K. (2020). Perceived overqualification and cyberloafing: A moderated-mediation model based on equity theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 164(3), 565-577.

Chernyak-Hai, L., & Rabenu, E. (2018). The new era workplace relationships: Is social exchange theory still relevant?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(3), 456-481.

Dhaini, S. R., Denhaerynck, K., Bachnick, S., Schwendimann, R., Schubert, M., De Geest, S., ... & Match RN study group. (2018). Work schedule flexibility is associated with emotional exhaustion among registered nurses in Swiss hospitals: A cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 82, 99-105.

Drake, R. E., Sederer, L. I., Becker, D. R., & Bond, G. R. (2021). COVID-19, Unemployment, and Behavioral Health Conditions: The Need for Supported Employment. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 48(3), 388-392.

Edwards, J. R. (1991). Person-job fit: A conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique. In C. L. Cooper, I. T. Robertson, C. L. Cooper, I. T.

Erdogan, B., & Bauer, T. N. (2009). Perceived overqualification and its outcomes: The moderating role of empowerment. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 557–565. doi:10.1037/a0013528

Feldman, D. C., & Turnley, W. H. (1995). Underemployment among recent business college graduates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(S1), 691-706.

Feng, J., & Wang, C. (2019). Does abusive supervision always promote employees to hide knowledge? From both reactance and COR perspectives. Journal of Knowledge Management. 23(7). 1455-1474.

Fine, S., & Nevo, B. (2011). Overqualified job applicants: We still need predictive models. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4(2), 240-242.

Gong, Z., Sun, F., & Li, X. (2021). Perceived Overqualification, Emotional Exhaustion, and Creativity: A Moderated-Mediation Model Based on Effort–Reward Imbalance Theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11367.

Gurr, T. R. (1970). Why men rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM). Long Range Planning, 46(2), 184-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002

Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J. P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR” understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of management, 40(5), 1334-1364.

Harari, M. B., Manapragada, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2017). Who thinks they're a big fish in a small pond and why does it matter? A meta-analysis of perceived overqualification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 28-47.

Henle, C. A., Kohut, G., & Booth, R. (2009). Designing electronic use policies to enhance employee perceptions of fairness and to reduce cyberloafing: An empirical test of justice theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(4), 902–910.

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.

Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103-128.

Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American journal of sociology, 63(6), 597-606.

Hu, J., Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Jiang, K., Liu, S., & Li, Y. (2015). There are lots of big fish in this pond: The role of peer overqualification on task significance, perceived fit, and performance for overqualified employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1228.

Hu, J., Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Jiang, K., Liu, S., & Li, Y. (2015). There are lots of big fish in this pond: The role of peer overqualification on task significance, perceived fit, and performance for overqualified employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1228–1238.

Hunter, S. T., Cushenbery, L. D., & Jayne, B. (2017). Why dual leaders will drive innovation: Resolving the exploration and exploitation dilemma with a conservation of resources solution. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(8), 1183-1195.

Jin, M. H., McDonald, B., & Park, J. (2018). Person–organization fit and turnover intention: Exploring the mediating role of employee followership and job satisfaction through conservation of resources theory. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38(2), 167-192.

Johnson, G. J., & Johnson, W. R. (1996). Perceived overqualification and psychological well-being. The Journal of social psychology, 136(4), 435-445.

Johnson, W. R., Morrow, P. C., & Johnson, G. J. (2002). An evaluation of a perceived overqualification scale across work settings. Journal of Psychology, 136(4), 425–441.

Kamins, A. (1995, July). Cyber-loafing: Does employee time online add up to net losses. New York Daily News.

Khan, J., Saeed, I., Fayaz, M., Zada, M., & Jan, D. (2022). Perceived overqualification? Examining its nexus with cyberloafing and knowledge hiding behaviour: harmonious passion as a moderator. Journal of Knowledge Management.

Khan, L. J., & Morrow, P. C. (1991). Objective and subjective underemployment relationships to job satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 22(3), 211–218.

Koay, K. Y., & Soh, P. C. H. (2018). Should cyberloafing be allowed in the workplace?. Human Resource Management International Digest.

Koay, K. Y., Soh, P. C. H., & Chew, K. W. (2017). Antecedents and consequences of cyberloafing: Evidence from the Malaysian ICT industry. First Monday. 22(3).

Korunovska, J., & Spiekermann-Hoff, S. (2020). The Human Energy and Fatigue Constructs in Relation to Information and Communication Technologies: A Conceptual Framework.

Kristofbrown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of personjob, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281–342.

Lavoie, J. A. A., & Pychyl, T. A. (2001). Cyberslacking and the procrastination superhighway: A web-based survey of online procrastination, attitudes, and emotion. Social Science Computer Review, 19(4), 431–444.

Liberman, B., Seidman, G., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2192–2199.

Lim, P. K., Koay, K. Y., & Chong, W. Y. (2020). The effects of abusive supervision, emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment on cyberloafing: a moderated-mediation examination. Internet Research. 31(2). 497-518.

Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675–694.

Lim, V. K. G., & Chen, D. J. Q. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: Gain or drain on work? Behaviour & Information Technology,31(4), 343–353.

Lim, V. K. G., & Teo, T. S. H. (2005). Prevalence, perceived seriousness, justification and regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore. Information & Management, 42(8), 1081–1093.

Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work?. Behaviour & Information Technology, 31(4), 343-353.

Liu, S. and Wang, M. (2012), “Perceived overqualification: a review and recommendation for research and practice”, Research in Occupational Stress and Well-being, Vol. 10, pp. 1-42.

Liu, S., Luksyte, A., Zhou, L., Shi, J., & Wang, M. (2015). Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(2), 250-271.

Loan, L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312.

Lobene, E. V., & Meade, A. W. (2011, April). Perceived overqualification: The situationally specific individual difference. Paper presented at the 26th annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago, IL.

Luksyte, A., Bauer, T. N., Debus, M. E., Erdogan, B., & Wu, C. H. (2022). Perceived overqualification and collectivism orientation: implications for work and nonwork outcomes. Journal of Management, 48(2), 319-349.

Luksyte, A., Spitzmueller, C., & Maynard, D. C. (2011). Why do overqualified incumbents deviate? examining multiple mediators. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 279–296.

Maynard, D. C., & Feldman, D. C. (Eds.). (2011). Underemployment: Psychological, economic, and social challenges. Springer Science & Business Media.

Maynard, D. C., & Parfyonova, N. M. (2013). Perceived overqualification and withdrawal behaviours: Examining the roles of job attitudes and work values. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 86(3), 435-455.

Maynard, D. C., Joseph, T. A., & Maynard, A. M. (2006). Underemployment, job attitudes, and turnover intentions. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(4), 509-536.

Mazloomi, N., & Harandi, A. (2015). Explaining the Role of Strategic Intelligence in Innovation Performance: Focused the Intermediation Role of Strategic Decision-Making Speed. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 5(20), 129-148. (In Persian)

McCune-Stein, A., & Ai-Min, Y. (2019). The dynamic interaction between high-commitment HRM and servant leadership: A social exchange perspective. Management Research Review, 42(10), 1169-1186.

Meijani, M., Rousta, A., & Jamshidi, D. (2021). Employing the creative approach of brand addiction to develop a model of repurchasing luxury products. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in Human Science, 10(4), 113-142.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89.‏

Mills, J. E., Hu, B., Beldona, S., & Clay, J. (2001). Cyberslacking! A wired-workplace liability issue. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42(5), 34–47.

Navarro, M. L. A., Mas, M. B., & Jiménez, A. M. L. (2010). Working conditions, burnout and stress symptoms in university professors: Validating a structural model of the mediating effect of perceived personal competence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 284-296.

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Wijaya, M. R., & Yuwono, T. (2020). Effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Satisfaction. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 3(3), 96-112.

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Wijaya, M. R., & Yuwono, T. (2020). Effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Satisfaction. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 3(3), 96-112.

Oki, T. A. (2013). Too overqualified to care: The effect of cynicism on overqualification and commitment (Doctoral dissertation).‏

Oosthuizen, A., Rabie, G. H., & De Beer, L. T. (2018). Investigating cyberloafing, organisational justice, work engagement and organisational trust of South African retail and manufacturing employees. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 1-11.

Oravec, J. A. (2018). Cyberloafing and constructive recreation. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 4316-4325). IGI Global.

Ötken, A. B., Bayram, A., Beser, S. G., & Kaya, Ç. (2020). Are Time Management and Cyberloafing Related? Investigating Employees’ Attitudes. Global Business Review, 0972150920931060.

Reizer, A., Galperin, B. L., Chavan, M., Behl, A., & Pereira, V. (2022). Examining the relationship between fear of COVID-19, intolerance for uncertainty, and cyberloafing: A mediational model. Journal of Business Research, 145, 660-670.

Rose, M. (2005). Do rising levels of qualification alter work ethic, work orientation and organizational commitment for the worse? evidence from the UK, 1985–2001. Journal of Education & Work, 18(2), 131-164. doi:10.1080/13639080500085885.

Rousta, A., & Jamshidi, D. (2020). Food tourism value: Investigating the factors that influence tourists to revisit. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 26(1), 73-95.

SHADDIQ, S., HARYONO, S., MUAFI, M., & ISFIANADEWI, D. (2021). Antecedents and Consequences of Cyberloafing in Service Provider Industries: Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 8(1), 157-167.

Shore, L. M., & Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. (2012). Perceived organizational cruelty: An expansion of the negative employee-organization relationship domain.

Spreitzer, G. M. (2008). Taking stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. In C. Cooper & J. Barling (Eds.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 54–73). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Srivastava, S., & Bajpai, L. (2020). Linking conservation of resource perspective to personal growth initiative and intention to leave: role of mediating variables. Personnel Review. 63(3), 599-613.

Tajeddini, K., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Gamage, T. C., & Martin, E. (2021). Exploring the visitors' decision-making process for Airbnb and hotel accommodations using value-attitude-behavior and theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 96(July), 102950.

Tourigny, L., Baba, V. V., Han, J., & Wang, X. (2013). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: the mediating role of organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(3), 514-532.

Ugrin, J. C., Pearson, J. M., & Nickle, S. M. (2018). An examination of the relationship between culture and cyberloafing using the hofstede model. Journal of Internet Commerce, 17(1), 46-63.

Uğur, B. E. R. K., KAHYA, M., Bülent, K. U. Z. U., & BAYRANLIK, H. (2015). EFFECT OF LABORERS’OVERQUALIFICATION PERCEPTION ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HEALTH SECTOR IN TURKEY. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 1(1), 70-73.

Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. Journal of Information technology theory and application, 11(2), 5-40.

Wilk, S. L., & Moynihan, L. M. (2005). Display rule" regulators": the relationship between supervisors and worker emotional exhaustion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 917.

Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 83(3), 486-493.

Yu, H., Yang, F., Wang, T., Sun, J., & Hu, W. (2019). How perceived overqualification relates to work alienation and emotional exhaustion: The moderating role of LMX. Current Psychology, 1-9.

Yu, H., Yang, F., Wang, T., Sun, J., & Hu, W. (2019). How perceived overqualification relates to work alienation and emotional exhaustion: The moderating role of LMX. Current Psychology, 1-9.‏

Zhang, J., Akhtar, M. N., Zhang, Y., & Sun, S. (2019). Are overqualified employees bad apples? A dual-pathway model of cyberloafing. Internet Research.

Zhang, M. J., Law, K. S., & Lin, B. (2016). You think you are big fish in a small pond? Perceived overqualification, goal orientations, and proactivity at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 61-84.

Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. (2009), “Inequity, conflict, and compliance dilemma as causes of cyberloafing”, International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 188-20.