2دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، مدیریت جامع حوضه‌های آبخیز دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
4دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، حفاظت خاک و آب دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
5استادیار گروه مهندسی آب مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، ایران
چکیده
ارزیابی اثرات احداث سازه‌های آبی از جمله سدها بر تغییرات رژیم رودخانه به منظور بهره‌برداری بهینه از منابع آبی ضرورت دارد. از این‌رو در پژوهش پیش رو، اثرات احداث سد شمیل و نیان استان هرمزگان بر شاخص‌های هیدرولوژیکی و مؤلفه‌های جریان محیط زیستی رودخانۀ شمیل با استفاده از شاخص‌های هیدرولوژیکی IHA ارزیابی و تحلیل شده است. نتایج ارزیابی‌ها نشان می‌دهد احداث سد شمیل و نیان باعث تغییر رژیم جریان شده است، به طوری که بعد از احداث سد شمیل و نیان، دبی جریان فقط در اواسط آبان تا اواخر بهمن‌ماه هم‌زمان با برداشت محصولات خارج فصل در استان هرمزگان کاهشی بوده و در بقیۀ ماه‌ها دبی جریان رودخانۀ شمیل افزایش یافته است. همچنین سد شمیل و نیان با ذخیرۀ حجم سیلاب ورودی نقش مهمی در مدیریت سیلاب داشته و حجم آب حاصل از سیلاب‌های با دورۀ بازگشت بیش از 10 سال را به‌خوبی کنترل کرده است. از سوی دیگر، روند سیلاب‌های کوچک بعد از احداث سد منظم شده‌اند، به طوری که دبی اوج سیلاب‌های کوچک در دورۀ قبل از احداث سد 23/80 و در دورۀ بعد از احداث سد 50/75 متر مکعب بر ثانیه است و حدود 6 درصد کاهش یافته است. تعداد روزهای جریان کمینه از 294 روز قبل از احداث سد به 301 روز بعد از احداث سد رسیده است. از طرفی، شاخص زمان‌بندی جریان حد پایین نشان داد کمترین حد جریان از روز 46 در دورۀ قبل از احداث سد به 275 روز در دورۀ بعد از احداث سد تغییر داشته است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند به عنوان مبنایی برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب رودخانۀ شمیل مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
1Associate Professor, Department of Hormoz Studies and Research Center, Hormozgan University, Iran
2Ph. D Student , Department of Natural Recourses, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
3Ph. D, Department of Agriculture and Natural Recourses Gorgan University, Iran
4Ph. D , Department of Natural Recourses Tarbiat Modares University
5Associate professor, Department of Minab High Education College, Hormozgan University, Iran
چکیده [English]
It is necessary to evaluate the effects of the construction of man-made structures, including dams, on river regimes to optimally exploit water resources. Therefore, in the current study, the effects of the construction of the Shamil and Nyan dams in Hormozgan province on the hydrological indicators and environmental flow components of the Shamil River were evaluated and analyzed using IHA hydrological indicators. The results of the evaluations showed that the construction of the Shamil and Nyan dams has changed the flow regime. After the construction of Shamil and Nyan dams, the flow of the river has decreased only from the middle of November to the end of February at the same time as the harvesting of off-season crops in Hormozgan province, and the flow of the Shamil river has increased in the rest of the months. Also, floods with a return period of more than 10 years after the construction of the dam did not occur and the trend of small floods after the construction of the dam became regular so that the peak discharge of small floods in the period before the construction of the dam was 80.23 and in the period after the construction of the dam was 75.50 m3.s-1 and has decreased by about 6%. Day numbers of minimum flow have increased from 294 days before the construction of the dam to 301 days after the construction of the dam. On the other hand, the low limit flow timing index showed that the lowest flow limit changed from 46 days after the construction of the dam to 275 days in the period after the construction of the dam. The results of the present study can be used as a basis for the sustainable management of water resources of the Shamil River.
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