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بررسی دلایل و نقش بیمة اجباری برای مسئولیت انواع آلودگی دریایی | ||
| مطالعات حقوق انرژی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 8، شماره 1، تیر 1401، صفحه 135-153 اصل مقاله (283.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrels.2023.344653.499 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| فریبرز صفری* | ||
| استادیار گروه حقوق دانشکدة علوم انسانی دانشگاه حضرت معصومه قم، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اصل جبران سریع و کافی خسارات آلودگی دریایی همواره با چالش‌های متعددی در عرصة حمل‌ونقل دریایی روبه‌رو بوده است. یکی از این چالش‌ها، تضمین پرداخت خسارات احتمالی فاجعه‌بار از طریق ایجاد نظام بین‌المللی بیمة اجباری است. وضع بیمة اجباری در چهارچوب نظام بین‌المللی حقوقی مسئولیت مدنی برای آلودگی دریایی، به دلایلی هم‌چون نبود یک نظام یکسان و واحد از سوی برخی کشورها مانند امریکا مورد مخالفت قرار گرفته است. از سوی دیگر، دلایل متعددی برای پذیرش بیمة اجباری در عرصة بین‌المللی برای انواع آلودگی دریایی از جانب بسیاری از کشورها ارائه شده است. این مقاله به روش تحلیلی، ضمن تقسیم انواع آلودگی دریایی و بررسی و ارزیابی دلایل لزوم یا رد بیمة اجباری، تأکید می‌کند که بیمة اجباری برای انواع آلودگی‌های دریایی ناشی از مواد نفتی و نیز مواد خطرناک و سمی، به دلایلی هم‌چون قطعیت غرامت و پوشش خسارات زیست‌محیطی و قابلیت دسترسی به محاکم ملی و منابع مالی عامل خسارت، ضروری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیمة اجباری؛ آلودگی دریایی؛ تضمین پرداخت خسارات؛ تحدید مسئولیت. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of the Effects and Reasons for Accepting and Opposing Compulsory Insurance for Marine Pollution | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Safari | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Humanity Faculty, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The principle of prompt, adequate and effective compensation for marine pollution damages has always faced many challenges in the field of marine transportation. One of these challenges is to guarantee the compensation for probable catastrophic losses through a unified system of international compulsory insurance. Compulsory insurance in the framework of an international legal system of civil liability for marine pollution has received some oppositions by some countries, including the United States. On the other hand, many countries have presented many reasons for developing compulsory insurance in the international arena for all types of marine pollution. This article, through an analytical method, will examine and evaluate the reasons provided for and against a compulsory insurance for all types of marine pollution. It emphasizes that compulsory insurance for all types of marine pollution caused by oil or hazardous and noxious substances is necessary, for reasons such as guaranteeing a source of compensation for pollution victims, cover environmental damage and facilitate the access to national authorities and financial resources of the responsible persons and its insurer. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Compulsory insurance, Marine pollution, Pollution victims, Damages, Limitation of liabilities. | ||
| مراجع | ||
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منابع
الف) فارسی
http://www.jhvmn.ir/article_248291.html (17 فروردین 1401)
http://www.jhvmn.ir/article_248291.html (18 اردیبهشت 1401)
https://jir.irc.ac.ir/article_10130.html (23 اردیبهشت 1401)
ب) خارجی
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