پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,987,457 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,657,967 |
گونه‌شناسی روابط اسرائیل و جمهوری آذربایجان: روابط راهبردی یا تاکتیکی | ||
| مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
| دوره 15، شماره 2، اسفند 1401، صفحه 23-48 اصل مقاله (565.03 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2023.347626.450096 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی ابراهیمی1؛ قاسم اصولی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 2دکتری روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بعد از فروپاشی اتحاد شوروی، اسرائیل در قالب آیین پیرامونی و با هدف خروج از انزوای منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی خود تلاش کرده است روابطش را در سطحهای مختلف با کشورهای آسیای مرکزی و قفقاز جنوبی گسترش دهد. در این ارتباط در گسترش روابط با کشورهای قزاقستان و جمهوری آذربایجان موفق بوده است. به‌نظر می‌رسد بعد از جنگ دوم قره‌باغ که پیامدهای متعددی در سطحهای مختلف دوجانبه، منطقه‌ای و کلان در قفقاز جنوبی داشته است، این روابط بیشتر از گذشته شده است. این پرسش مطرح است که گونه‌شناسی روابط جمهوری آذربایجان و اسرائیل بر چه اساسی شکل گرفته است؟ برای فهم اندازه و عمق روابط اسرائیل با جمهوری آذربایجان، شاخص‌های مهم روابط راهبردی در ارتباط با محورهای مهم همکاری‌های بین دو بازیگر در حوزه‌های مختلف تطبیق داده شده است. در پاسخ این فرضیه طرح می‌شود که همکاری‌های تاکتیکی در مقایسه با مفهوم همکاری راهبردی، قدرت تبیین‌کنندگی بیشتری برای گونه‌شناسی روابط دو بازیگر دارد. یافته‌های این نوشتار نشان می‌دهد همکاری دو بازیگر بیشتر شاخص‌های روابط راهبردی مانند شاخص بی‌همتایی روابط، عمق، هدف‌های راهبردی همگرا، نهادمندی، تعریف دقیق از مفاهیم دشمن، تهدید و رقیب، به استثنای وجود جو دوستانه در روابط دوجانبه و تا حدودی همکاری‌های بلندمدت و طولانی را ندارد؛ بنابراین ماهیت روابط دو بازیگر را نمی‌توان براساس مفهوم رابطۀ راهبردی تبیین کرد. هرچند روند فزایندۀ روابط در سال‌های آینده می‌تواند هم‌پوشانی منافع مشترک دو بازیگر را از گذشته بیشتر کند. روش استفاده‌شده در این نوشتار، کیفی و به‌صورت دقیق بر مبنای مدل‌سازی ساختاری-تفسیری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارمنستان؛ اسرائیل؛ انرژی؛ امنیت؛ ایران؛ جمهوری آذربایجان؛ روابط راهبردی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Typology of Relations between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan: Strategic or Tactical | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Morteza Ebrahimi1؛ Ghasem, osuli2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili | ||
| 2Ph. D. in International Relations, Faculty of Human Science, University of Tarbiat Modares | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Israel with the aim of getting out of its regional and international isolation has been trying to expand its relations at different levels with the South Caucasus and Central Asian countries in the framework of peripheral doctrine. In this regard, it has been successful in expanding relations with some regional countries including Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. A variety of literature has been created in the field of Israel's main and strategic goals for cooperation with the Republic of Azerbaijan in recent years, however, no successful research has been done regarding the nature of the relations between these two actors. Therefore, this feature of the selected topic distinguishes it from previous studies that have been done before. In order to understand the dimensions and depth of relations between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan, the important indicators of strategic relations have been adopted in connection with the important axes of cooperation between the two actors in different fields to understand whether their relations can be called strategic alliance or technical cooperation. Research Question: Which of the concepts of Strategic Alliance or tactical cooperation is more effective to show the interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel? Research Hypothesis: Studies show that the cooperation of two actors lacks the majority of strategic alliance indicators including the uniqueness of relations, the depth of relations, convergent strategic goals, institutionalization, and the precise definition of enemy concepts, the threat and presence of competitors, excluding the friendly atmosphere in bilateral relations and to some extent long-term cooperation. As a result, compared to the concept of strategic alliance, tactical cooperation has more explanatory power to understand and model the relationship between the two actors. Methodology (and Theoretical Framework if there are): In order to explain the main idea of the research, this article uses the Qualitative method of structural and interpretive modeling which has been used in this article and has tried to use the collected data in order to obtain a suitable model for the analysis of relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel. The review of various research indicates the fact that for the analysis of relations between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan, conceptual frameworks can be more productive than theoretical frameworks. Therefore, strategic concept has been chosen to explain the typology of the two actor’s relations. It seems that the following components constitute the most important indicators of strategic relations that have been applied in Israel-Azerbaijan relations to determine its typology. The existence of converging strategic goals, which can be considered as the starting point of strategic cooperation based on which players receive the initial understanding that they can achieve their goals through mutual efforts. The existence of long-term, authentic and deep cooperation between the two players, different from the temporary alliance that is created to achieve specific goals at a specific time or to deal with specific events. The incomparability of relations which includes the expansion of high-level official meetings between the two actors, the increase in mutual economic cooperation, the creation of a common market by addressing tariff and non-tariff issues and the deepening of military cooperation. Institutionalizing cooperation in which the two actors are expected to be members of an efficient regional or intra-regional organization. The existence of a friendly atmosphere in bilateral cooperation that has been influenced by the historical and cultural backgrounds and the appropriate path to solve problems. Having a common threat or enemy that forces the actors to work together and come up with strategies to deal with it. Results and Discussion: Israel's view of the Republic of Azerbaijan can be interpreted and analyzed in the form of three approaches: the containment strategy, the Greater Middle East plan and the peripheral doctrine, based on which it has tried to use Azerbaijan's capabilities against Iran. On the other hand, the goals and security plans of Azerbaijan, including the solution of the Karabakh crisis, instability in the South Caucasus region, tension with other regional and extra-regional countries, has caused Azerbaijan to adjust its policy towards Israel to use Jewish lobbies in the US Congress for fulfilling the military requirements of this country. In addition, it has been shown that the axes of cooperation between the two actors, such as trade and energy, have not been deepened compared to their cooperation with other partners and more recently, the increasing growth of military deals has been fueled by growing regional instabilities. The beginning of the cooperation between the two actors dates back to 1991 and after that their cooperation began in various technical, economic, infrastructural and agricultural dimensions, however the depth of relations between the two sides has not expanded and Israeli competitors, including Turkish, Russian and European companies have been most successful in concluding economic cooperation agreements with Azerbaijan. Also, despite the fact that Azerbaijan is a member of numerous organizations such as ECO, Commonwealth of Independent States, it does not cooperate with Israel in any joint organization and their relations are not institutionalized, so much so that Ilham Aliyev used the word iceberg in 2009 to describe the nature of their relations which are mostly secret and informal. Conclusion: Statistical analysis and relational experiences show that the concept of technical cooperation is more useful and constructive than strategic alliance to understand the relationship between the two actors. Due to the lack of depth and varieties in economic cooperation, weak institutionalization, distinct strategic goals and having a different driving force of foreign policy, their relationship cannot be classified as a strategic alliance. Another significant point that should be noted is that there is a positive correlation between the increase in instability in the South Caucasus and the increase in cooperation between Israel and the Republic of Azerbaijan. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Armenia, Israel, Energy, Security, Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan, Strategic Relations | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Bassist, Rina (2022),”Israel Considers Improved Ties with Turkey, Central Asia”, Available at: https://www.almonitor.com/originals/2022/02/israel-considers-improved-ties-turkey-central-asia#ixzz7bTUFPBZ8, (Accessed on: 3/6/2022) Czechowska, Lucyna (2013) “The Concept of Strategic Partnership as an Input in the Modern Alliance Theory". The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies, No. 2, Vol. 4, pp. 36-51, (doi: 10.12775/18250). Cohen, Ronen and Lev Tzvi (2021), “Azerbaijan’s State Building Power as a Reflection of Israel–Iran Hostility”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, (doi: 10.1080/13530194.2021.1937516), Published online (11/6/2021) Ebrahimi Kiapei, Hadi & Kamal Zarei (2020), “Strategies Conflict between Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist Regime in the Caucasian Strategic Area”, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Policy Research, Vol. 9, No. 32, pp: 125-155. (doi: 10.22054/QPSS.2019.41432.2297). [in Persian] Ehrmann, Maya, Josef Kraus and Emil Souleimanov (2013), “The Iran-Israel-Azerbaijan Triangle: Implications on Regional Security”, Revista Estudos Politicos, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp: 215-228, (doi: 10.22409/rep. v4i7.40296). Gholipour Azar, Ali (2014), “Investigation of Information-Security Indicators of the Zionist Regime in the Republic of Azerbaijan and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Parliament and Strategy, Vol. 21, No. 78, pp: 149-175, Available at: https://www.rc.majlis.ir/fa/book_pub/show/906083, (Accessed on: 26/07/ 2022). [in Persian] Ismailzade, Fariz (2020), “Azerbaijan’s Foreign Policy Priorities and the Role of the Middle East”, Available at: https://www.mei.edu/ publications/azerbaijans-foreign-policy-priorities-and-role-middle-east, (Accessed on: 13/5/2022) Jalalpoor Shohreh, Paifard Kiyanoush, Mohammad Falah and Mahdi Rezazadeh Joudi (2019),”A Feasibility Study of the Greater Middle East Project And The Islamic Awakening In The Middle East”, Journal of Contemporary Research on The Islamic Revolution, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-23, Available at: https://jcrir.ut.ac.ir/article_74233.html, (Accessed on: 1/2/2021) Koolaee, Elaheh and Habib Rezazade (1392), “Iran’s Role in Expanding Relations of Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel”, International Researches, Vol. 10, No. 3, Available at: www.noormags.ir/view/fa/ articlepage/1680579, (Accessed on: 1/2/2022) [in Persian], Liska, George (1968), Nation in Alliance: The Limits of Interdependence, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.1968. London: Oxford University Press.1969. 301 pp. Index. (Johns Hopkins Paperbacks, JH-42.) Mammadov, Aqil (2022),” Azerbaijan’s Foreign Policy Analysis in the Perspective of Neorealist Theory In the example of the Karabakh problem”, Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 513-520, (doi:10.15549/jeecar. v9i3.864). Marcus, Robert (2009), ‘Azerbaijan and Israel: Oil, Islam, and Strawberries’, Available at: https://dl.tufts.edu/pdfviewer/ hm50v381d/9019sd42m (Accessed on 13/2/2021). Momeni, Majidreza& Rahimi, Omid (2017),” Iran and Israel Conflict and Its Impact on Expanding Security-Political Relations of Israel and Republic of Azerbaijan”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, (doi: 10.22059/jcep.2018.210209.449655) [in Persian] Morgenthau, Hans J. (2005), Politics among Nations, Translated by Homira Mushirzadeh, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs publication. [in Persian] Murinson, Alexander ‘The Ties between Israel and Azerbaijan’, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (Israel: Bar- Ilan University, October 2014): 11–17, https://besacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/ 10/MSPS110-web.pdf (Accessed on 3/3/2021). Pinfold, Rob Geist & Joel Peters (2019), “The Limits of Israel’s Periphery Doctrine: Lessons from the Caucasus and Central Asia”, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 26, No. 1, (doi:10.1080/13629395.2019.1693125) Rajabi, Mohammad (2022), “Republic of Azerbaijan's Strategy and Behavioral Pattern in the Confrontation Between The Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 53-75 (doi:10.22059/jcep.2022.339448.450063) [in Persian] Rafat Nezhad, Samad, Alireza Tanhaee and Abas Maleki (2016), “Strategic Areas of the Presence of the Zionist Regime in the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Journal of Defense Strategy, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. Siraj, Ozma and Najimdeen Bakare, (2022), “Iran–USA Relations: From Exceptionalism to Containment Policy”, Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 99-121, (doi.org/10.1177/ 23477970221076969) Walt, Stephen (1987), The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 263, 273-281. Shafie, Abas, Zahra Postinchi, Arsalan Ghorbani, and Hasan Khodaverdi, (2020), “The Analysis of Political-Security Relations of Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel and its Impact on National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran”, Political Sociology of Iran, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1179 – 1194, (doi: 10.30510/psi.2022.332302.3192) [in Persian]. Schweller, Randall L (1994) " Band Wagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back in", International Security, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp: 72-107, (doi.org/10.2307/2539149) Smith, Alastair (1995), “Alliance Formation and War,” International Studies Quarterly Vol. 39, No. 4, pp.405-425(doi.org/10.2307/2600800) Tibon, Amir (2018), ‘How Pro-Israel Jews Became Azerbaijan’s Secret Weapon in Washington’, Haaretz, Available at: https:// www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-how-pro-israel-jews-became-azerbaijan-s-secret-weapon-in-washington-1. 6033307 (Accessed on 23/3/2021). Trade map (2021), Trade Value between Azerbaijan and Israel, Available at: https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm, (Accessed on 1/5/2021) Trade map (2021), Trade Value between Azerbaijan and Isreal, https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c031%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1, (Accessed on 1/5/2022) Trade map (2020), The Energy Partners of Azerbaijan, available at: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c031%7c%7c%7c%7c27%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1, (Accessed on 1/5/2022) Sipri (2021), Military Partners of Azerbaijan, Available at: https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2021/arms-transfers-conflict-zones-case-nagorno-karabakh, (Accessed on 5/3/2021). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 591 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 479 |
||