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کارزار زنان برای بسیج منابع در جنبش مشروطه خواهانه تاسیس بانک ملی | ||
| مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 02 بهمن 1401 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jisr.2023.342720.1303 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| سمیه سادات شفیعی* | ||
| دانشیار جامعه شناسی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقاله حاضر با تمرکز بر جنبش مردمی جمع آوری اعانه جهت تاسیس بانک ملی پس از انقلاب مشروطه، کارزار زنان در این بسیجگری را مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. پرسش محوری درباره چگونگی فرایند بسیج زنان برای تاسیس بانک ملی است. رهیافت کلی پژوهش جامعه شناسی تاریخی که با استناد به مدل بسیج تیلی میسر شده است. لذا در گام نخست مفاهیم و متغیرهای نظریه تیلی معرفی و تعریف شده و در گام بعد و با ارجاع به متون تاریخی، اعم از کتب، مطبوعات و نیز متون و مکتوبات زن نوشته به روش تحلیل اسنادی، مصادیق روشنی از مولفه های کارزار زنان در جمع آوری اعانه جهت تاسیس بانک ملی ارائه می شود. منافع گروه های زنان در قالب انگیزه های استقلال طلبانه ملی و قطع وابستگی به دول استعماری خارجی در شکل تاسیس نهاد مدرن و مستقل مالی، سازمان؛ مشتمل بر انجمن ها، هیئت ها و گرده همایی های زنانه و بسیج منابع فایده مندانه و هنجاری در تحلیل چگونگی فرایند بسیج معرفی و تحلیل و در نهایت پژوهش به توضیح فرصت ها و تهدیدات و نیز نوع بسیج در این خصوص می پردازد. گردآوری داده های معتبر و البته بی سابقه از عاملیت زنان در تاریخ معاصر ایران از جمله نوآوریهای این پژوهش است. کارزار زنان برای تاسیس بانک ملی نشان از سطح بالای آگاهی شان از ماوقع سیاسی اجتماعی روز، توان بسیج گری و نیز عاملیت ایشان در کنش های جمعی دارد که تاریخ معاصر ایران بسیار به خود دیده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جنبش اجتماعی؛ کنش جمعی؛ عاملیت؛ زنان؛ مشروطه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Women's campaign for resources mobilization in the constitutional movement for Establishment of the Meli Bank | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Sadat Shafiei | ||
| Associate research professor IHCS | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: The stereotypical idea of women in the past eras is focused on their activism in the private sphere and especially the role of giving birth and parenting children.This idea is less related to their social participations and their relationships in the public domain. Being in the roles of mother and wife in specialized scientific and historical readings which is dominated by men, is basically taken for granted and undervalued and creates a culture that considers women as passive. Contrary to the stereotype of women's social role in the private sphere, there are documented data that report their activism in the public domain in the form of collective action, resulting from their high level of awareness and vital and crucial for Iranian society. Clarifying the nature of the field of action and the characteristics of women's voluntary action, in addition to shedding light on the dark and unknown part, helps to provide a scientific foundation for systematic studies about social changes and gender relations, as well as the nature of social roles and role expectations. Therefore, the problem of research in a long-term view is to provide a documented basis for identifying the status of women in the past and monitoring the social changes that the social roles of women, the relationship between the two sexes, and as a result, the gender order, have seen on the eve of the current century. Regarding this, the article explores the women's campaign in this mobilization, focusing on the popular fundraising movement to establish the Meli Bank after the Constitutional Revolution. Regarding historical sociology approach the research is based on the Charles Tilly resource mobilization theory. Methods: Firstly the concepts and variables of Tilly's theory are introduced, and next, referring to historical texts, including books, press, as well as women's texts and writings they are defined. Methodologically the research uses documentary analysis, providing clear examples of women's campaign of fundraising for the establishment of Bank Meli. Findings: The interest of women groups in the form of national independence motives which is encountering foreign colonial states politics is explained. As it is clear by referring to women’s writings , the existence of the common belief of patriotism has led to the formation of “our identity” among women activists and donors and has led them to reconsider the achievement of individualistic values and benefits. Repeating the painful interpretation of Iran in the conditions of the lack of organized national financial institutions and reaching out to strangers for loans is the most important axis for women activists that brought them together and made their collective action consistent and based on common nationalistic values. Organization; Includes women's associations, meetings and gatherings and the mobilization of utilitarian or normative resources are debated. Due to extreme gender segregation of space, women tried to organize their collective actions and form their own informal organizations through meetings and women's associations regarding the ideals of the constitutional movement. And here they responded to the call of the constitutional petitioners to collect donations diligently. Regarding the normative sources including loyalties and duties, it should be said, as the narratives of women repeatedly showed, those who understood the nature of collective action and its goals, committed themselves to achieve the goals. Useful resources, has a detailed list and it consists of the types of donations that women donated for the collective action of establishing the National Bank. Women's donations primarily included money, but at the same time, they also included precious items such as gold, jewelry, and watches. Among the other goods donated by women were a significant amount of clothing, chador and expensive fabrics, especially zarbaft fabric. Finally, the research explains the opportunities and threats as well as the type of mobilization. Conclusions: Collecting reliable and unprecedented data on women's agency is one of the innovations of this research. The women's campaign to establish Bank Meli shows their high level of consciousness of the socio-political situation of the day, their ability to mobilize, and their agency in collective actions, which is repeated in contemporary Iranian history. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| movement, agency, collective, action, women | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 32 |
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