تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,533 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,506 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,126,778 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,234,643 |
Analyzing the Impact of Economic and Climate Factors on Crime in Iran | ||
Iranian Economic Review | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 26، شماره 4، اسفند 2022، صفحه 809-818 اصل مقاله (728.88 K) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ier.2022.90657 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Yadollah Dadgar* 1؛ Sadegh Menatnejad2؛ Rouhollah Nazari3 | ||
1Faculty of Economics, Department of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Faculty of Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Department of Economics, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Some evidence indicates the role of economic variables including unemployment and inflation in committing a crime. However, the researches regarding the role of climate factors on crime are a few. This paper is investigating the climate factors alongside economic ones influencing crime in Iran for the 1984-2020 period. We use the misery index, the combination of inflation and unemployment in this work. One of our hypotheses is that there is a significant relationship between the misery index and committing crimes in Iran. The results indicate that firstly, there are positive and significant relationships between the misery index and economic growth on one hand and the amount of crime on the other. Secondly, there is a positive and significant relationship between climate factors and the number of committed crimes. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Crime؛ Climate Factors؛ Law and Economics؛ Economic Factors؛ Iran | ||
مراجع | ||
Anderson, C. A. (2001). Heat and violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(1), 33-38.
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Nassani, A. A., Alotaibi, S. M., Kabban, A., & Zaman, (2020). Dynamic Linkages Between Poverty, Inequality, Crime, and Social Expenditures in A Panel of 16 Countries: Two-Step GMM Estimates. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1), 1-25.
Becker, G. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
Bell, P. (1992). In Defense of the Negative Affect Escape Model of Heat and Aggression. Psychological Bulletin, 111(2), 342-346.
Bruinsma Gerben, J. N. (2007). Urbanization and Urban Crime: Dutch Geographical and Environmental Research. Crime and Justice, 35(1), 453-502.
Burke, M., Hsiang, S. M., & Miguel, E. (2015). Climate and Conflict. Annual Review of Economics, 7, 577-617.
Tehran Central Bank. (2020). Economic indicators. Retrieved from Tehran Central Bank.
---------- (2020). Time Series Data. Retrieved from https://tsd.cbi.ir/
Cherry, T. L., & List, J. A. (2002). Aggregation Bias in Economic Model of Crime. Economics Letters, 75, 81-86.
Coccia, M. (2017). A Theory Of General Causes Of Violent Crime: Homicides, Income Inequality and The Heat Hypothesis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 37, 190-200.
Cohn, E., & Rotton, J. (2000). Violence Is a Curvilinear The function of Temperature in Dallas: A Replication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1074-1081.
Cooter, R., & Ulen, T. (2016). Law and Economics (6th). Berkeley: Berkeley Law Books.
Cornowell, C., & Trumbull, W. (1994). Estimating the Economic Model of Crime with Panel Data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 60, 459-466.
Corr, P., & Plagnol, A. (2019). Behavioral Economics. London: Routledge Publishers.
Cronish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. G. (1986). The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Czabanski, J. (2008). Estimates of Cost of Crime: History, Methodologies, and Implications. Berlin: Springer.
Dadgar, Y., Ziary, M., & Nazari, R. (2016). General Status and Prediction of Water Sources in Iran: Sleeted Provinces. International Conference on Water Crisis in Iran, Tehran: Academy of science, March.
Dadgar, Y., & Nazari, R. (2016). Investigating Criminal Activities in Iran: By Using Economic Models. Journal of Law Studies, 73, 59-78.
---------- (2013). The Impact of Misery Index on Crime in Iran. Journal of Economic Studies and Policies, 99, 63-86.
Donovan, K. (2019). Billionaire Murders. New York: Viking Publishers.
Enamoradoa, T., López-Calvab, L. F., & Rodríguez-Castelánb, C. (2014). Crime and Growth Convergence: Evidence from Mexico. Economics Letters, 125(1), 9-13.
Fallahi, F., & Rodríguez, G. (2014). The LinkBetween Unemployment And Crime In The US: A Markov-Switching Approach. Social Science Research, 45, 33-45.
Felson, M. (1987). Routine Activities and Crime Prevention in the Developing Metropolis, Criminology, 25(4), 911-931.
Field, S. (1992). The Effect of Temperature on Crime. British Journal of Criminology, 32(3), 340-351.
Grabmeier, J. (2016). Researchers Offer a New Theory on How Climate Affects Violence: Climate Affects Life Strategies, Time Orientation, Self-Control. Science Daily, Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160624110035.htm
Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis (5th). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Habibullah, M. S. (2017). The Effects of Weather on Crime Rates in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(2), 263-270.
Habibullah, M. S., & Baharom, A. H. (2008). Crime and Economic Conditions in Malaysia. Munich University Library, 11916, 1-10.
Haddad-Keshavarz, R., & Markazi-Moghadam, H. (2011). The Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Crime in Iran (a Regional Panel Study). European Journal of Law and Economics, 32(1), 99-114.
Harp, R. D., & Karnauskas, K. B. (2020). Global Warming to Increase Violent Crime in the United States. Environmental Research Letters, 15(3), 1-9.
Hsiang, S. M., Burke, M., & Miguel, E. (2013). Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Human Conflict. Science, 341, 1-14.
Hu, X., Wu, J., Chen, P., Sun, T., & Li, D. (2017). Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Crime Rates in Tangshan, China. Science of The Total Environment, 609, 1041-1048.
Iranian Statistic Center (2020). Annual Statistical Book. ISC Different Years. Retrieved from https://www.amar.org.ir
Jacob, B., Lefgren, L., & Moretti, E. (2007). The Dynamics of Criminal Behavior: Evidence from Weather Shocks. Journal of Human Resources, 42, 489-527.
Jawadi, F., Mallick, S. K., Idi Cheffou, A., & Augustine, A. (2019). Does Higher Unemployment Lead to Greater Criminality? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 182, 448-471.
Khan, N., Ahmed, J., Nawaz, M., & Zaman, K. (2015). The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: New Evidence on an Old Debate. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 10(2), 73-81.
Kumar, S. (2013). Crime and Economic Growth: Evidence from India. MPRA Paper, 48794, Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48794/1/MPRA_paper_48794.pdf
Levitt, S. D. (2001). Alternative Strategies for Identifying the Link Between Unemployment and Crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17(4), 377-389.
Lobonţ, O. R., Nicolescu, A. C., Moldovan, N. C., & Kuloğlu, A. (2017). The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Crime Rates in Romania: A Macro-Level Analysis. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1-21.
Maddah, M. (2011). Analyzing the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Crime in Iran. Journal of Mufid Letter, 84, 75-90 (in Persian).
Maddah, M., & Khairkhahan, E. (2010). Impact of Economic Incentives on Committing a Crime. Journal of Security Studies, 9(4), 9-26 (in Persian).
Malik, A. A. (2016). Urbanization and Crime: A Relational Analysis. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(1), 68-74.
N., & Garshasbi, S. (2012). Income Inequality and Crime in Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 11(4), 109-126 (in Persian).
Montesquieu, B. (1949). The Spirit of the Laws. New York: Macmillan.
Neanidis, K.C., & Papadopoulou, V. (2013). Crime, Fertility, And Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 91, 101-121.
Northrup, B., & Klaer, J. (2014). Effects of GDP on Violent Crime. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51649
Piatkowska, S. J. (2020). Poverty, Inequality, and Suicide Rates: A Cross-National Assessment of the Durkheim Theory and the Stream Analogy of Lethal Violence. The Sociological Quarterly, 61(4), 787-812.
Ranson, M. (2014). Crime, Weather, and Climate Change. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 67(3), 274-302.
Rinderu, M. I., Bushman, B. J., & Van Lange, P. A. (2018). Climate, Aggression, and Violence (CLASH): A Cultural Evolutionary Approach. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 113-118.
Sadeghi, H., Shaghaghi, V., & Asgharpour, H. (2005). Analyzing of the Effective Economic Factors in Committing a Crime (Case Study: Iran). Journal of Economic Studies, 68, 63-90 (in Persian).
Saridakis, G., & Spengler, H. (2012). Crime, Deterrence, and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. The Social Science Journal, 49(2), 167-174.
Schäfer, H., & Cooter, R. (2012). Solomon's Knot: How Law Can End the Poverty of Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Schinasi, L. H., & Hamra, G. B. (2017). A Time Series Analysis of Associations between Daily Temperature and Crime Events in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Journal of Urban Health, 94(6), 892-900.
Sjoquist, D. L. (1973). Property Crime and Economic Behavior: Some Empirical Results. TheAmerican Economic Review, 63(3), 439-446.
Tang, C. F., & Lean, H. H. (2007). Will Inflation Increase the Crime Rate? New Evidence from Bounds and Modified Wald Tests. Global Crime, 8(4), 311-323.
Tang, C. F., & Lean, H. H. (2009). New Evidence from The Misery Index in The Crime Function. Economics Letters, 102(2), 112-115.
Thaler, R. H. (2017). Misbehaving the Making of Behavioral Economics. New York: W. W. Norton.
Tonry, M., & Bijlereid, C. (2007). Crime, Criminal Justice, and Criminology in the Netherlands. Crime & Just, 35, 1-30.
Van Lange, P. A. M., Rinderu, M. I., & Bushman, B. J. (2017). Aggression and Violence Around the World: A Model of Climate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, 1-12.
Walker, J., Wilson, P. R., Chappell, D., & Weather Burn, D. (1990). A Comparison of Crime in Australia and Other Countries (1-8). In P. R. Willson (Ed.), Issues in Crime Morality & Justice. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
White, R. (2012). Climate Change from Chronological Perspective. New York: Springer.
White, J. (2014). Crime Rates Could Rise as Climate Change Bites. New Scientist, 221(2959), 12-20. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 287 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 498 |