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بررسی کاربردی و اقتصادی اثر پوششهای مختلف فیزیکی در کاهش تبخیر از مخازن آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک (مطالعه آزمایشگاهی) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 6، شهریور 1401، صفحه 1297-1313 اصل مقاله (1.9 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.343395.669272 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حجت کرمی* 1؛ حمیدرضا قزوینیان2 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی آب ، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نرخ زیاد تبخیر از سطح آب، منجر به کاهش چشمگیر استفاده از مخازن و استخرهای کشاورزی آب میگردد. پوششهای فیزیکی شناور یکی از روشهای موثر در کاهش تبخیر از سطح آزاد آب میباشند. در این پژوهش از شش نوع پوشش پلیاستایرن، قطعات چوب، موم مصنوعی عسل، دانههای پرلیت و لیکا و کاه وکلش برروی سطح تشت تبخیر استاندارد کلرادو مدفون با سه تکرار برای هر پوشش استفاده شد. پوششهای پلیاستایرن، چوب و موم با درصدهای مختلف 60، 70 و 80 پوشش سطح بررسی شدند. تغییرات عمق آب مخازن پوششدار و بدون پوشش در بازه زمانی 2 خرداد 1397 تا 31 مرداد 1397 در شهر سمنان و در دانشگاه سمنان انجام شد. برآورد اقتصادی بودن طرح برای هر یک از پوششها صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مقدار متوسط کاهش تبخیر نسبت به مخزن شاهد برای پوششهای پلی استایرن با درصد پوششهای 60، 70 و 80، قطعات چوب با درصد پوششهای 60، 70 و 80، موم مصنوعی عسل با درصد پوشش60، 70 و 80، پرلیت، لیکا و کاه وکلش به ترتیب حدود 43، 54، 65، 10، 19، 26، 9، 18، 25، 36، 22 و20 درصد میباشد. در بخش نتایج تحلیل اقتصادی، بررسیها برروی استخری در فاصله 8/3 کیلومتری از محل برداشت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به طول عمر اقتصادی 5 ساله طرح، پوششهای پلیاستایرن، پرلیت صرفه اقتصادی دارند. میزان نرخ بازده داخلی برای پلیاستایرن با درصد پوششهای 60، 70 و 80، پرلیت به ترتیب 571، 722، 872 و 32 میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کاهش تبخیر؛ پوشش فیزیکی؛ تحلیل اقتصادی؛ تشت تبخیر؛ سمنان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Practical and Economic Assessment Regarding the Effect of Various Physical Covers on Reducing Evaporation from Water Reservoirs in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions (Experimental Study) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hojat Karami1؛ Hamidreza Ghazvinian2 | ||
| 1Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
| 2Ph.D. Student in Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The significantly high rate of evaporation from the surface of water results in a notable reduction in utilizing water reservoirs and farm ponds. Floating physical covers are considered to be one of the most effectual approaches toward reducing the rate of evaporation from the surface of water. In the present study, the following six types of covers were utilized with three repetitions for each type of cover on the surface of the standard Sunken Colorado Evaporation Pan. The covers included: polystyrene, wood parts, synthetic honey wax, Perlite and Leica grains, and threshed straw. Three varying percentages of 60, 70, and 80 were examined for polystyrene, wood, and wax covers. Water depth alterations for both covered and uncovered reservoirs were scrutinized in the period starting from May 23rd, 2018 until August 22nd, 2018 in Semnan University in Semnan city. The economical effectiveness of the plan was estimated for each separate type of coating. The findings of the study indicated that the average amount of reduction in surface evaporation in comparison with the control reservoir relevant to polystyrene covers with 60, 70, and 80% coverage, wood parts with 60, 70 and, 80% coverage, synthetic honey wax with 60, 70, and 80% coverage, and Perlite, Leica, and straw are approximately 43, 54, 65, 10, 19, 26, 9, 18, 25, 36, 22 and 20 %, respectively. Regarding the economic analysis of the study, surveys were carried out on a farm pond located at a distance of approximately 3.8 km from the site. The findings displayed that bearing in mind the 5-year economic life of the plan, polystyrene and Perlite covers are deemed to be economical. Conclusively, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for polystyrene covers with 60, 70, and 80% covering, and Perlite covers are 571, 722, 872, and 32, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Reducing Evaporation, Physical Cover, Economic Analysis, Evaporation Pan, Semnan City | ||
| مراجع | ||
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