After the carbonate reservoir acidizing and the damaged wellbore stimulating, the pH of the environment has particular importance in reducing corrosion during production. In this study, the pH change after the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid reaction was modeled, and the optimum pH after the reaction was determined. Also, the effect of temperature HCl concentration and calcium carbonate grain size on final pH was investigated. According to the findings, an increase in temperature causes an increase in final pH. The effect of concentration is against temperature, and pH decreases with increasing concentration. Also, the grain size of calcium carbonate particles has an insignificant effect on pH alteration. Hence, the maximum pH in all grain sizes occurs at 70 oC and 1.95 wt.% HCl and equals 6.7. The R square, adjusted R square, and predicted R square of the models are acceptable values and show that experimental data agrees with prediction data. |
- Palharini Schwalbert M, Aljawad MS, Hill AD, Zhu D. Decision Criterion for Acid-Stimulation Method in Carbonate Reservoirs: Matrix Acidizing or Acid Fracturing? SPE Journal. 2020;25(05):2296-318.
- Wang L, Mou J, Mo S, Zhao B, Liu Z, Tian X. Modeling matrix acidizing in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2020;186:106685.
- Feng Q, Chen XW, Peng ZG, Zheng Y, Zhang XF. Preparation and characterization of controlled‐release microencapsulated acids for deep acidizing of carbonate reservoirs. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2021;138(21):50502.
- Maheshwari P, Balakotaiah V, editors. 3-D simulation of carbonate acidization with HCl: comparison with experiments. SPE Production and Operations Symposium; 2013: OnePetro.
- Portier S, Vuataz FD. Developing the ability to model acid-rock interactions and mineral dissolution during the RMA stimulation test performed at the Soultz-sous-Forêts EGS site, France. Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 2010;342(7-8):668-75.
- Carvalho RT, Oliveira PF, Palermo LC, Ferreira AA, Mansur CR. Prospective acid microemulsions development for matrix acidizing petroleum reservoirs. Fuel. 2019;238:75-85.
- Ituen E, Jamesc A, Akarantab O. Electrochemical, Adsorption and Anticorrosion Study on Fluvoxamine and its Blends for X80 Steel Protection in Well Acidizing Fluids. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta. 2016;34(6):417-32.
- Aboud RS, Smith KL, Forero Pachon L, Kalfayan LJ, editors. Effective Matrix Acidizing in High-Temperature Environments. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 2007. SPE-109818-MS.
- Wang J, Huang Y, Zhou F, Song Z, Liang X. Study on reservoir damage during acidizing for high-temperature and ultra-deep tight sandstone. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2020;191:107231.
- Wang Y, Hill A, Schechter R, editors. The optimum injection rate for matrix acidizing of carbonate formations. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 1993: OnePetro.
- Frick T, Mostofizadeh B, Economides M, editors. Analysis of radial core experiments for hydrochloric acid interaction with limestones. SPE Formation Damage Control Symposium; 1994: OnePetro.
- Kalia N, Glasbergen G, editors. Wormhole formation in carbonates under varying temperature conditions. 8th European Formation Damage Conference; 2009: OnePetro.
- Bazin B. From matrix acidizing to acid fracturing: A laboratory evaluation of acid/rock interactions. SPE Production & Facilities. 2001;16(01):22-9.
- Fredd CN, Fogler H. Optimum conditions for wormhole formation in carbonate porous media: Influence of transport and reaction. Spe Journal. 1999;4(03):196-205.
- Ma G, Chen Y, Jin Y, Wang H. Modelling temperature-influenced acidizing process in fractured carbonate rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2018;105:73-84.
- Huang T, McElfresh PM, Gabrysch AD, editors. Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Fluids at High Temperatures: Acetic Acid, Chelating Agents or Long-Chained Carboxylic Acids? SPE European Formation Damage Conference; 2003: OnePetro.
- Kiani S, Jafari S, Apourvari SN, Mehrjoo H. Simulation study of wormhole formation and propagation during matrix acidizing of carbonate reservoirs using a novel in-situ generated hydrochloric acid. Advances in Geo-Energy Research. 2021;5(1):64.
- Young PR. Dilution of Concentrated Solutions. University of Illinois at Chicago
- 2020.
- Williams B, Gidley J, Guin J, Schechter R. Characterization of liquid-solid reactions. Hydrochloric acid-calcium carbonate reaction. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1970;9(4):589-96.
- Ghafari S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation–flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum. Journal of hazardous materials. 2009;163(2-3):650-6.
|