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جنسیت در باستانشناسی و باستانشناسی جنسیتی | ||
پژوهشهای انسانشناسی ایران | ||
دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23، شهریور 1401، صفحه 57-81 اصل مقاله (679.45 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijar.2022.345891.459760 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سمانه نظیف1؛ حامد وحدتی نسب* 2؛ کورش محمدخانی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه باستان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدهی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
3استادیار گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدهی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
بیشتر باستانشناسان تا میانهی قرن بیستم، نیمی از گروههای انسانی یعنی؛ «زنان» و نقشهای گوناگونی که در مسیر دگرگشت جوامع انسانی داشتند را نادیده گرفته بودند. زنان همچون مادرانِ محدود به حوزهی خانگی درنظر گرفته میشدند. تقسیم کار جنسیتی و خانوادهی هستهای همچون رویدادی طبیعی درنظر گرفته میشد و شکار مردان، شتابدهندهی نخستین، در دگرگشت انسان پنداشته میشد. جنبشهای زنان در دهههای 1960 و 1970، دیدگاههای دگرگونی از تحول جوامع انسانی را پدید آورد که بر نقشهای زنان متمرکز شد. اگر در آغاز، فمینیستها دغدغهی جستوجوی زنان در منابع را داشتند، امروزه بسیار فراتر رفته و پنداشتها از مفاهیم جهانیِ جنس، جنسیت و فردیت را به چالش میکشند. ولی بسیاری از باستانشناسان از برچسب فمینیست فاصله میگیرند و بر این باورند که پژوهشهای جنسیتی دامنهی گستردهتری از مقولههای جنسیتی را دربر میگیرد. در خاور نزدیک، پژوهشهای جنسیتی از دههی 1990 بهگونهای جدی پی گرفته شد و همچنان نیاز به پژوهشها با کاربست نگرهها و روشهای نظاممند بهروشنی احساس میشود. شوربختانه در باستانشناسی ایران، موضوع جنسیت و زنان تا اندازهی زیادی نادیده گرفته شده است و پژوهشهای انگشتشماری انجام شده است. در این نوشتار به بازگویی شکلگیری پژوهشهای زنان و جنسیت در باستانشناسی میپردازیم. با وجود دامنهی گستردهای از رویکردها، هیچ نگره یا مکتب فکری واحدی به جایگاه برتری نرسیده است، و هنوز هم در بسیاری از پژوهشها نگاه مرد محور جریان اصلی پژوهش را پیش میبرند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
باستانشناسی؛ باستانشناسی جنسیتی؛ جنسیت؛ زنان؛ فمینیسم | ||
مراجع | ||
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