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بررسی عوامل طبیعی و انسانی مؤثر بر تغییرات طبقات کاربری اراضی تالاب شادگان | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 1، فروردین 1401، صفحه 111-126 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2022.332440.1567 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه درگاهیان* 1؛ یوسف موسیوند2 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 2پژوهشگر مرکز فضایی ماهدشت | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تالاب شادگان در منتهیالیه حوضۀ آبخیز جراحی واقع شده است. بهمنظور پایش میزان تغییرات پوشش آب، گیاه و اراضی خشک‌شده، ابتدا اقدام به تعیین محدودۀ آب شیرین تالاب در پرآبترین شرایط آن شد. از دادههای ماهوارهای لندست TM و ETM+ و OLI سالهای 1988 تا 2020 استفاده شد. از طبقهبندی نظارت‌شده به روش ماشین بردار پشتیبان (SVM) استفاده و تصاویر در سه کلاس آب، پوشش گیاهی و خاک طبقهبندی شد. دقت طبقهبندی تصاویر با دو شاخص، دقت کلی و کاپا محاسبه شد. مساحت هر یک از طبقات در محیط GIS پهنهبندی شده و به درصد محاسبه شد. با توجه به اینکه تعیین میزان سهم هر یک از مؤلفههای تأثیرگذار بر سطوح مختلف تالاب شادگان در بازۀ زمانی 1988-2018 هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر است، از توابع چندلایۀ پرسپترون شبکههای عصبی استفاده شد و پس از مقایسۀ کارایی مدلها براساس مجموع مربعات خطا (SSE) و خطای نسبی (RE) دادههای آموزشی و تست و همچنین، ضریب همبستگی (R) بین مقادیر اندازهگیریشده و تخمین‌زده‌شدۀ سطوح مختلف طبقات کاربری اراضی تالاب، بهترین مدل انتخاب شد و براساس آن، میزان تأثیر هر یک از پارامترها بر سطوح مختلف طبقهبندیشده در بازۀ زمانی مورد مطالعه مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد دقت طبقهبندی در مجموع 93 درصد بود. روند تغییرات مساحت طبقۀ آب و خاک افزایشی و طبقۀ پوشش گیاهی تالاب کاهشی بود. بهترین مدل برازش‌یافتۀ شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی ساختار شبکۀ چندلایۀ پرسپترون در حالت اول با تابع لایۀ انتقال پنهان اتوماتیک و تابع لایۀ خروجی تانژانت هیپربولیک به دلیل زیاد بودن ضریب همبستگی (R=0.79) و پایین بودن خطاهای نسبی و مجموع مربعات خطا با دقت بیشتری نسبت به سایر مدلهای شبکه انتخاب شد. نتایج اجرای این مدل برای طبقات مختلف تالاب نشان داد سهم عوامل انسانی و طبیعی به‌ترتیب در خشکیدگی تالاب 4/55 و 6/44 درصد، در تغییرات سطح آب تالاب 8/70 و 2/29 درصد و در تغییرات پوشش گیاهی 62 و 38 درصد بوده است. بنابراین، تالاب شادگان بیش از هر چیز مدیریت انسانی در سطح حوضۀ آبخیز و تأمین حقابۀ مورد نیاز را میطلبد تا بتواند به عنوان یک اکوسیستم تالابی ایفای نقش کند و به حیات خود ادامه دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حوضۀ آبخیز؛ رودخانۀ جراحی؛ سدها و بندهای خاکی؛ شبکههای آبیاری؛ سهم عوامل انسانی و طبیعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of natural and human factors affecting land use changes in Shadegan wetland | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Dargahian1؛ Yosef Mousivand2 | ||
| 1Fatemeh Dargahian: Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2, Researcher of Iran Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Shadegan wetland is located at the end of Jarahi watershed. In order to monitor the changes in water cover, vegetation and uncovered or dried lands, first the area of Tala Shirin in its most waterlogged conditions was determined. Landsat TM, ETM + and OLI satellite data from 1988 to 2018 in June were used. Supervised vector classification (SVM) was used and the images were classified into three classes: water, vegetation and soil. Image classification accuracy was calculated with two indicators, overall accuracy and kappa. The area of each class was zoned in GIS and calculated as a percentage. Due to the fact that determining the share of each of the components affecting different levels of Shadegan wetland in the period (1988-2018) is the main purpose of this study, the radius and multilayer perceptron functions of neural networks were used. And after comparing the efficiency of the models, the best model was selected and based on it, the effect of each parameter on the different levels of classification in the study period was determined. The results showed that the share of human and natural factors in drought was 55.4% and 44.6% in the wetland, 70.8% and 29.2% in the water level of the wetland and 62% and 38% in the vegetation, respectively. Therefore, Shadegan wetland, more than anything else, requires human management at the watershed level and the provision of the required water supply in order to be able to play a role and continue its life as a wetland ecosystem. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| watershed, Jarahi River, dams, irrigation networks, share of human and natural factors | ||
| مراجع | ||
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