A Validation Methodology for Urea Spray on Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems

[1]          R. Şener, M. Z. Gül, Optimization of the combustion chamber geometry and injection parameters on a light-duty diesel engine for emission minimization using multi-objective genetic algorithm, Fuel, Vol. 304, pp. 121379, 2021.

[2]          R. Sener, M. U. Yangaz, M. Z. Gul, Effects of injection strategy and combustion chamber modification on a single-cylinder diesel engine, Fuel, Vol. 266, pp. 117122, 2020.

[3]          R. Şener, M. R. Özdemir, M. U. Yangaz, Influence of piston bowl geometry on combustion and emission characteristics, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 233, No. 5, pp. 576-587, 2019.

[4]          A. Winer, W. Busby, Atmospheric transport and transformation of diesel emissions, Diesel exhaust: A critical analysis of emissions, exposure, and health effects, pp. 83-105, 1995.

[5]          H. Omidvarborna, A. Kumar, D.-S. Kim, Recent studies on soot modeling for diesel combustion, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 48, pp. 635-647, 2015.

[6]          B. Weinstock, H. Niki, Carbon monoxide balance in nature, Science, Vol. 176, No. 4032, pp. 290-292, 1972.

[7]          T. Kaya, O. A. Kutlar, O. O. Taskiran, Evaluation of the partially premixed compression ignition combustion with diesel and biodiesel blended diesel at part load condition, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 458-468, 2021.

[8]          R. Şener, Numerical Investigation of Ducted Fuel Injection Strategy for Soot Reduction in Compression Ignition Engine, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 475-489, 2022.

[9]          D. Fowler, C. Flechard, U. Skiba, M. Coyle, J. N. Cape, The atmospheric budget of oxidized nitrogen and its role in ozone formation and deposition, The New Phytologist, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 11-23, 1998.

[10]        W. A. Majewski, Diesel particulate filters, DieselNet, Ecopoint Inc, Brampton, ON, Canada, 2001.

[11]        H. Steven, Development of a worldwide harmonised heavy-duty engine emissions test cycle, Final Report, April, 2001.

[12]        X. Li, Y. Cheng, Z. Zhang, S. Ji, The Effect of Coupling Injection Parameters and Double-Swirl Chamber on the Diesel Engine Performance, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 1393-1401, 2019.

[13]        G. Zheng, A. Kotrba, M. Golin, T. Gardner, A. Wang, Overview of large diesel engine aftertreatment system development,  0148-7191, SAE Technical Paper,  pp. 2012.

[14]        Q. Song, G. Zhu, Model-based closed-loop control of urea SCR exhaust aftertreatment system for diesel engine, SAE Transactions, pp. 102-110, 2002.

[15]        R. M. Heck, Catalytic abatement of nitrogen oxides–stationary applications, Catalysis Today, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 519-523, 1999.

[16]        M. Koebel, E. O. Strutz, Thermal and hydrolytic decomposition of urea for automotive selective catalytic reduction systems: thermochemical and practical aspects, Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 2093-2100, 2003.

[17]        Y. Itaya, NO reduction behavior by urea solution injection in the tubular reactor, in Proceeding of.

[18]        W. Held, A. Koenig, T. Richter, L. Puppe, Catalytic NOx reduction in net oxidizing exhaust gas, SAE transactions, pp. 209-216, 1990.

[19]        M. Mohammadi, M. Goodarzi, M. Ghayour, S. Alivand, Small scale effect on the vibration of orthotropic plates embedded in an elastic medium and under biaxial in-plane pre-load via nonlocal elasticity theory, 2012.

[20]        A. Farajpour, M. Mohammadi, A. Shahidi, M. Mahzoon, Axisymmetric buckling of the circular graphene sheets with the nonlocal continuum plate model, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 1820-1825, 2011.

[21]        I. H. Savci, M. Z. Gul, A methodology to assess mixer performance for selective catalyst reduction application in hot air gas burner, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 61, No. 9, pp. 6621-6633, 2022.

[22]        W. Edelbauer, F. Birkhold, T. Rankel, Z. Pavlović, P. Kolar, Simulation of the liquid break-up at an AdBlue injector with the volume-of-fluid method followed by off-line coupled Lagrangian particle tracking, Computers & Fluids, Vol. 157, pp. 294-311, 2017.

[23]        N. D. Nasello, F. Gramigni, I. Nova, E. Tronconi, AdSCR Systems (Adsorption+ Selective Catalytic Reduction): Analysis of the Influence of H2O and CO2 on Low Temperature NOx Emission Reduction Performances, Emission Control Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 223-231, 2021.

[24]        M. Zöchbauer, H. Smith, T. Lauer, Advanced SCR flow modeling with a validated large eddy simulation,  0148-7191, SAE Technical Paper,  pp. 2015.

[25]        LaVision. www.lavision.de, Accessed.

[26]        İ. H. Savcı, R. Şener, İ. Duman, A study of signal noise reduction of the mass air flow sensor using the flow conditioner on the air induction system of heavy-duty truck, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Vol. 83, pp. 102121, 2022.

[27]        F. Birkhold, U. Meingast, P. Wassermann, O. Deutschmann, Analysis of the injection of urea-water-solution for automotive SCR DeNOx-systems: modeling of two-phase flow and spray/wall-interaction, SAE Transactions, pp. 252-262, 2006.

[28]        I. Savci, An Integrated Modeling Approach to Investigate Performance of Selective Catalyst Reduction,  Thesis, PhD Thesis, University of Marmara, 2015.

[29]        M. Mohammadi, A. Rastgoo, Primary and secondary resonance analysis of FG/lipid nanoplate with considering porosity distribution based on a nonlinear elastic medium, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Vol. 27, No. 20, pp. 1709-1730, 2020/10/15, 2020.

[30]        M. Mohammadi, M. Hosseini, M. Shishesaz, A. Hadi, A. Rastgoo, Primary and secondary resonance analysis of porous functionally graded nanobeam resting on a nonlinear foundation subjected to mechanical and electrical loads, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, Vol. 77, pp. 103793, 2019/09/01/, 2019.

[31]        M. Mohammadi, A. Rastgoo, Nonlinear vibration analysis of the viscoelastic composite nanoplate with three directionally imperfect porous FG core, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Journal, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 131-143, 2019.

[32]        A. Farajpour, A. Rastgoo, M. Mohammadi, Vibration, buckling and smart control of microtubules using piezoelectric nanoshells under electric voltage in thermal environment, Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 509, pp. 100-114, 2017.

[33]        M. Goodarzi, M. Mohammadi, M. Khooran, F. Saadi, Thermo-Mechanical Vibration Analysis of FG Circular and Annular Nanoplate Based on the Visco-Pasternak Foundation, Journal of Solid Mechanics, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 788-805, 2016.

[34]        M. Baghani, M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, Dynamic and Stability Analysis of the Rotating Nanobeam in a Nonuniform Magnetic Field Considering the Surface Energy, International Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 08, No. 04, pp. 1650048, 2016.

[35]        M. R. Farajpour, A. Rastgoo, A. Farajpour, M. Mohammadi, Vibration of piezoelectric nanofilm-based electromechanical sensors via higher-order non-local strain gradient theory, Micro & Nano Letters, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 302-307, 2016.

[36]        A. Farajpour, M. Yazdi, A. Rastgoo, M. Mohammadi, A higher-order nonlocal strain gradient plate model for buckling of orthotropic nanoplates in thermal environment, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 227, No. 7, pp. 1849-1867, 2016.

[37]        A. Farajpour, M. H. Yazdi, A. Rastgoo, M. Loghmani, M. Mohammadi, Nonlocal nonlinear plate model for large amplitude vibration of magneto-electro-elastic nanoplates, Composite Structures, Vol. 140, pp. 323-336, 2016.

[38]        M. Mohammadi, M. Safarabadi, A. Rastgoo, A. Farajpour, Hygro-mechanical vibration analysis of a rotating viscoelastic nanobeam embedded in a visco-Pasternak elastic medium and in a nonlinear thermal environment, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 227, No. 8, pp. 2207-2232, 2016.

[39]        M. Safarabadi, M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, Effect of surface energy on the vibration analysis of rotating nanobeam, 2015.

[40]        H. Asemi, S. Asemi, A. Farajpour, M. Mohammadi, Nanoscale mass detection based on vibrating piezoelectric ultrathin films under thermo-electro-mechanical loads, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 68, pp. 112-122, 2015.

[41]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, H. Shehni nezhad pour, Numerical study of the effect of shear in-plane load on the vibration analysis of graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Computational Materials Science, Vol. 82, pp. 510-520, 2014/02/01/, 2014.

[42]        A. Farajpour, A. Rastgoo, M. Mohammadi, Surface effects on the mechanical characteristics of microtubule networks in living cells, Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 57, pp. 18-26, 2014/04/01/, 2014.

[43]        M. GOODARZI, M. MOHAMMADI, A. FARAJPOUR, M. KHOORAN, INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF PRE-STRESSED ON VIBRATION FREQUENCY OF RECTANGULAR NANOPLATE BASED ON A VISCO-PASTERNAK FOUNDATION, JOURNAL OF SOLID MECHANICS, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. -, 2014.

[44]        S. Asemi, A. Farajpour, H. Asemi, M. Mohammadi, Influence of initial stress on the vibration of double-piezoelectric-nanoplate systems with various boundary conditions using DQM, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 63, pp. 169-179, 2014.

[45]        S. Asemi, A. Farajpour, M. Mohammadi, Nonlinear vibration analysis of piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators based on nonlocal elasticity theory, Composite Structures, Vol. 116, pp. 703-712, 2014.

[46]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, A. Moradi, M. Ghayour, Shear buckling of orthotropic rectangular graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium in thermal environment, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 56, pp. 629-637, 2014.

[47]        S. R. Asemi, M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, A study on the nonlinear stability of orthotropic single-layered graphene sheet based on nonlocal elasticity theory, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 1515-1540, 2014.

[48]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, F. Dinari, Thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of annular and circular graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 11, pp. 659-682, 2014.

[49]        M. Mohammadi, A. Moradi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Exact solution for thermo-mechanical vibration of orthotropic mono-layer graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 437-458, 2014.

[50]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, H. Mohammadi, Temperature Effect on Vibration Analysis of Annular Graphene Sheet Embedded on Visco-Pasternak Foundati, Journal of Solid Mechanics, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 305-323, 2013.

[51]        M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, M. Goodarzi, R. Heydarshenas, Levy Type Solution for Nonlocal Thermo-Mechanical Vibration of Orthotropic Mono-Layer Graphene Sheet Embedded in an Elastic Medium, Journal of Solid Mechanics, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 116-132, 2013.

[52]        M. Mohammadi, M. Goodarzi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Influence of in-plane pre-load on the vibration frequency of circular graphene sheet via nonlocal continuum theory, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 51, pp. 121-129, 2013.

[53]        M. Mohammadi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Free transverse vibration analysis of circular and annular graphene sheets with various boundary conditions using the nonlocal continuum plate model, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 32-42, 2013.

[54]        M. MOHAMMADI, M. GOODARZI, M. GHAYOUR, S. ALIVAND, SMALL SCALE EFFECT ON THE VIBRATION OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES EMBEDDED IN AN ELASTIC MEDIUM AND UNDER BIAXIAL IN-PLANE PRE-LOAD VIA NONLOCAL ELASTICITY THEORY, JOURNAL OF SOLID MECHANICS, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. -, 2012.

[55]        M. Danesh, A. Farajpour, M. Mohammadi, Axial vibration analysis of a tapered nanorod based on nonlocal elasticity theory and differential quadrature method, Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 23-27, 2012.

[56]        A. Farajpour, A. Shahidi, M. Mohammadi, M. Mahzoon, Buckling of orthotropic micro/nanoscale plates under linearly varying in-plane load via nonlocal continuum mechanics, Composite Structures, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 1605-1615, 2012.

[57]        N. GHAYOUR, A. SEDAGHAT, M. MOHAMMADI, WAVE PROPAGATION APPROACH TO FLUID FILLED SUBMERGED VISCO-ELASTIC FINITE CYLINDRICAL SHELLS, JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (JAST), Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. -, 2011.

[58]        H. Moosavi, M. Mohammadi, A. Farajpour, S. H. Shahidi, Vibration analysis of nanorings using nonlocal continuum mechanics and shear deformable ring theory, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 135-140, 2011/10/01/, 2011.

[59]        A. Farajpour, M. Danesh, M. Mohammadi, Buckling analysis of variable thickness nanoplates using nonlocal continuum mechanics, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 719-727, 2011.