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بررسی ارتباط مصرف انرژی، رشد اقتصادی، تخریب محیطزیست و توسعة مالی در فرآیند گرمایش جهانی | ||
نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
دوره 76، شماره 3، مهر 1402، صفحه 479-492 اصل مقاله (973.11 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2022.330919.2298 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سمانه عابدی* 1؛ افسانه نعیمی فر2؛ محسن عبدی1 | ||
1گروه اقتصاد انرژی، کشاورزی و محیطزیست، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. | ||
2گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران. ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه با برجستهتر شدن مسائل مهم محیطزیستی در زمینة گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانهای، موضوع بهرهبرداری پایدار از منابع طبیعی و کاهش آثار منفی ناشی از رشد و توسعة اقتصادی بیش از پیش اهمیت یافته است. طی دهههای اخیر نقش توسعة مالی در امر دستیابی به توسعة اقتصادی بالاتر پررنگ شده است. بنابراین در مطالعة حاضر ضمن بررسی اثرات توسعة مالی، رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار دیاکسید کربن روی یکدیگر، سعی بر آن است تا با توجه به همبستگی میان رشد اقتصادی و شاخص توسعة مالی به این پرسش پاسخ داد که آیا میتوان به رابطهای میان توسعة مالی و تخریب محیطزیست دست یافت؟ بدینمنظور با استفاده از اطلاعات سالهای 1996 تا 2017 کشورهای منتخب سازمان همکاری و توسعة اقتصادی و بهرهگیری از روش برآورد گشتاورهای تعمیمیافته و منحنی محیطزیستی کوزنتس به بررسی سوال تحقیق پرداخته شده است. طبق الگوی کوزنتس نتایج حاکی از آن است که میان شاخص رشد اقتصادی و تخریب محیطزیست، همبستگی وجود دارد. بنابراین نظریش منحنی کوزنتس در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، با در نظر گرفتن نقش توسعة مالی در دستیابی به رشد بالاتر اقتصادی صادق است. در نهایت نتایج حاکی از آن است که در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، یک درصد افزایش در شاخص توسعة مالی منجر به افزایش 0/82درصدی مصرف انرژی و کاهش انتشار دیاکسید کربن می شود. علاوه بر آن افزایش یک درصدی انتشار آلایندة دیاکسیدکربن، منجر به رشد 0/7درصدی مصرف انرژی و در مقابل، افزایش یک درصدی مصرف انرژی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه به رشد 0/89 درصدی انتشار دیاکسید کربن منجر شده است. قابل ذکر است ضمن وجود رابطة دوسویه میان شاخص توسعة مالی و رشد اقتصادی، رابطة U شکل نیز میان تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و توسعة مالی نیز در کشورهای مورد مطالعه، تأیید شده است. نتیجة کلی مطالعة حاضر نیز بیانگر تأثیر مثبت توسعة مالی، رشد اقتصادی، مصرف انرژی و انتشار کربن بر یکدیگر به جز توسعة مالی که انتشار دیاکسید کربن را کاهش میدهد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
برآوردگرهای گشتاور تعمیم یافته؛ توسعة اقتصادی؛ توسعة مالی؛ سوختهای فسیلی؛ گرمایش جهانی | ||
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