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بررسی برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و ارزیابی قابلیت بعد فراکتالی ذرات اولیه خاک در کاربریهای مختلف | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 52، شماره 12، اسفند 1400، صفحه 3083-3098 اصل مقاله (2.28 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.329439.669055 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سمیه دهقانی* 1؛ مهدی نادری2؛ احمد کریمی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی- فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد | ||
2گروه علوم خاک,دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه شهرکرد،شهرکرد.ایران | ||
3گروه علوم خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشکاه شهرکرد،شهرکرد،ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
باتوجهبه تنوع کاربری زمین در نواحی خشک و نیمهخشک در کشور، نوع بهرهبرداری از زمین میتواند خصوصیات کیفی خاک، بهویژه کیفیت فیزیکی، را دستخوش تغییر نماید. این پژوهش، با هدف بررسی اثر کاربریهای مختلف اراضی بر ویژگیهای خاک در حوضه آبخیز باغان در جنوب شرقی استان بوشهر با وسعتی حدود 929 کیلومترمربع که از دیدگاه کشاورزی دارای اهمیت میباشد، اجرا شد. از خاک سطحی (20-0 سانتیمتر) کاربریهای مرتع، اراضی زراعی و باغات، 120 نمونه مرکب برداشته شد. محلهای نمونهبرداری با استفاده از تکنیک ابر مکعب لاتین تعیین شدند. ویژگیهای شن (Sand)، سیلت (silt)، رس (clay)، جرم مخصوص ظاهری (ρb)، تخلخل (F)، تخلخل مؤثر (Φeff)، منافذ درشت (MAP)، میانگین وزنی (MWD) و هندسی قطر خاکدانهها (GMD)، پایداری خاکدانهها در آب (WSA)، شاخص پایداری خاکدانهها (SI)، تخلخل تهویهای (AC)، آب قابلاستفاده گیاه (AWC)، مقدار نسبی آب (RWC)، نقطه پژمردگی دائمی (PWP)، رطوبت گنجایش زراعی (FC)، و رطوبت اشباع (ϴS)، با روشهای معمول تعیین و بعد فراکتال (Db)، به روش جرم - قطر محاسبه شد. کاربریهای مرتع، زراعی و باغ بر تمام ویژگیهای موردمطالعه به جز شاخص گنجایش هواییAC) ) اثر معنیداری (P<0.01) را نشان دادند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین کاربری مرتع و زراعت نشان داد که از تمام ویژگیهای موردمطالعه فقط بر ویژگیهای PWP، FC و ϴS تفاوت معنیداری داشتند. در کاربری باغ در مقایسه با کاربری مرتع افزایشی معنیداری در Sand، F، Φeff، MAP، MWD، GMD، WSA، SI، ϴS، FC، PWP، AWC و RWC و کاهشی معنیداری در Silt، Clay، ρb و Db مشاهده شد. برازش معادله خطی بر دادههای اندازهگیری شده نشان داد که با کاهش مقدار رس و سیلت و افزایش مقدار شن، بعد فرکتال کاهش یافت. ضرایب تبیین تابع خطی بعد فرکتال با درصد شن، سیلت و رس به ترتیب 8/0، 55/0 و 82/0 بود. بر اساس ویژگیهای موردمطالعه، مطلوبترین کیفیت فیزیکی خاک در کاربری باغ مشاهده شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بعد فرکتالی؛ حوضه آبخیز باغان؛ مدیریتهای مختلف؛ ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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