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سیاست خارجی مستقل و برونگرای روسیۀ سفید و تنش با روسیه در دورۀ پوتین | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
دوره 14، شماره 2، اسفند 1400، صفحه 271-296 اصل مقاله (332.63 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2021.295791.449891 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
الهه کولایی* 1؛ سامان فاضلی2 | ||
1استاد، گروه مطالعات منطقهای، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری، روابط بینالملل، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
چکیده | ||
روسیۀ سفید همیشه نزدیکترین متحد روسیه برآورد شده است. روسیه پس از فروپاشی اتحاد شوروی با همۀ همسایههای خود تنشهای جدی و حتی جنگ داشته است، اما روسیۀ سفید در میان آنها استثنا بوده است و همیشه بهعنوان دولتی طرفدار روسیه شناخته میشد. روسیۀ سفید نهتنها در بسیاری از طرحها و نهادهای منطقهای روسیه شرکت کرده است، بلکه دو کشور در سال ۱۹۹۹ پیمان دولت متحد را امضا کردند تا بر اساس آن روسیه و روسیۀ سفید یکپارچه و تبدیل به یک کشور شوند. اما نهتنها این پیمان اجرایی نشد، بلکه اختلافهای دو کشور بهتدریج افزایش یافت تا جایی که مقامهای دو کشور با تندترین واژهها یکدیگر را متهم کردهاند. بر این اساس این پرسش مطرح میشود که با وجود پیوندهای دو کشور و روابط گستردۀ فرهنگی، تاریخی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و امنیتی آنها، علت تنشهای پایدار روسیه و روسیۀ سفید بهویژه در دورۀ پوتین چیست؟ در این نوشتار با توجه به چارچوب مدل تحلیلی اولاف نودسن، نشان میدهیم که شدتیافتن تنش میان روسیه و قدرتهای جهانی، رویکرد مستقل و گاه خصمانۀ روسیۀ سفید نسبت به روسیه و گرایش آن به همکاری با قدرتهای بیرونی مانند اتحادیۀ اروپا، سبب افزایش فشارهای روسیه بر روسیۀ سفید برای همگرایی بیشتر و سپس تنش بین این دو کشور شده است. مؤلفههایی مانند راهبرد مشارکت شرقی اتحادیۀ اروپا، بحران اوکراین، اختلافهای مربوط به انرژی، روسستیزی فرهنگی در روسیۀ سفید، منطقهگرایی اجباری روسیه و گسترش روابط روسیۀ سفید با سازمانها و کشورهای غربی سبب افزایش تنش در میان دو کشور شده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اتحادیۀ اروپا؛ انرژی؛ روسیه؛ روسیۀ سفید؛ منطقهگرایی | ||
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