تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,502 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,118,238 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,224,122 |
ابتکار راه ابریشم و هژمونی چین در آسیای مرکزی | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
دوره 14، شماره 1، شهریور 1400، صفحه 75-98 اصل مقاله (281.99 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2021.314577.449964 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علی کاوه1؛ قاسم ترابی* 2؛ علیرضا رضایی2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی همدان | ||
2دانشیار روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی همدان | ||
چکیده | ||
در این نوشتار میخواهیم، هدفهای راهبردی و کلان چین از عملیاتیکردن ابتکار راه ابریشم را بررسی کنیم. با توجه به این هدف، این پرسش مطرح است که ابتکار راه ابریشم چگونه به شکلگیری هژمونی چین در منطقۀ آسیای مرکزی کمک میکند؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح میشود که ابتکار راه ابریشم بهعنوان راهبرد کلان چین در بازی بزرگ جدید با آمریکا و روسیه از راه ایجاد تسلط اقتصادی و گسترش نفوذ سیاسی و امنیتی، به شکلگیری هژمونی چین در منطقۀ آسیای مرکزی کمک میکند. در سال 2013، رهبران چین ابتکار راه ابریشم را راهبرد کلان و محور اصلی سیاست داخلی و خارجی خود معرفی کردند. در این راهبرد، آسیای مرکزی با توجه به منابع غنی هیدروکربنی و موقعیت ویژۀ ژئواستراتژیک، ژئوپلیتیکی و ژئواکونومی اصلیترین منطقۀ هدف به شمار میرود. بر این اساس، چین میکوشد با قراردادهای اقتصادی، سیاسی و امنیتی در چارچوب ابتکار راه ابریشم، نقش و نفوذ خود در منطقۀ آسیای مرکزی را گسترش دهد و در عمل به هژمون منطقه تبدیل شود. نتایج این نوشتار نشان میدهد، چین در راستای ایجاد و تثبیت هژمونی منطقهای خود، ابتکار راه ابریشم را بهعنوان راهبرد کلان در اولویت خود قرار داده است و برای جلوگیری از ایجاد نگرانی قدرتهای بزرگ دیگر از جمله آمریکا و روسیه، سیاست خارجی محتاطانهای را در پیشگرفته است. روش پژوهش در این نوشتار روش کیفی، مبتنی بر ثبات هژمونیک با بهرهگیری از منابع اینترنتی و کتابخانهای است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آسیای مرکزی؛ امنیت انرژی؛ راه ابریشم؛ تسلط اقتصادی؛ توسعۀ اقتصادی؛ نفوذ سیاسی و امنیتی؛ چین | ||
مراجع | ||
Adami, Ali and Hassan Ainehvand (2018), “How Russia and China Confronted the United States in Eurasia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 24, No. 102, pp. 1-33 [in Persian].
Aditya, Malhotra (2012), “Chinese Inroads into Central Asia: Focus on Oil and Gas”, Journal of Energy Security, Available at: http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=387, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Aghaei, Seyed Davood and Mohammad Javad Ghahremani (2018), “China’s Approach to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Light of the Country’s New Foreign Policy (2013-2018)”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 291-307 [in Persian].
Amir Ahmadian, Bahram and Ruhollah Salehi Dolatabad (2016), “New Silk Road Initiative (Objectives, Obstacles and Challenges)”, International Relations Studies, Vol. 9, No. 36, pp. 1-42 [in Persian].
Azizi, Hamidreza (2016), China and Central Asia; Regional Influence and International Hegemony, Tehran: Mokhatab [in Persian].
Baruzzi, Sofia (2021), “The Belt and Road Initiative: Investments in 2021 and Future Outlook”, Posted by Silk Road Briefing”, Available at: https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2021/02/09/the-belt-road-initiative-investments-in-2021-and-future-outlook/, (Accessed on: 1/3/2021).
Brzezinski, Zbigniew (2005), “Make Money, Not War”, FP Special Report, pp. 46-47.
Dehshiri, Mohammad Reza and Mohammad Hossein Neshaste Sazan (2017), “Sino-Japanese Foreign Policy Strategies in Central Asia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 23, No. 97, pp. 71-101 [in Persian].
Ekman, A. (2012), “China’s Two-Track Foreign Policy”, IFRI, Paris: Asie.Vision, No. 58, Available at: https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/ files/atoms/files/asievisions58aekman.pdf, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Farjirad, Abdolreza and Maryam Shabani (2013), “Russia’s Policy in Central Asia and the Caucasus and the Challenges it Faces after the Cold War”, Geographical Journal of Territory, Vol. 10, No. 39, pp. 1-18 [in Persian].
Farajirad, Abdolreza, Sarem Shiravand and Behzad Diansai (2014), “Geopolitics of Energy Transfer in the Caspian Sea and its Impact on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 20, No. 85, pp. 97-125 [in Persian].
Ghamat, Jafar (2017), “China’s Economic Role in the Threat of American Hegemony in Asia”, Political Studies, Vol. 9, No. 36, pp. 91-118 [in Persian].
Gholizadeh, Abdolhamid and Nozar Shafiee (2013), “Theory of the Power Cycle; a Framework for Analyzing the Process of Relative Decline of the United States and the Rise of China”, Foreign Relations, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp 137-168 [in Persian].
Habova, Antonina (2015), “Silk Road Economic Belt: Pivot to Eurasia or China’s Way of Foreign Policy”, China’s Marshall Plan, Vol. VIII, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318462916, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Huirong, Zh and W. Hongwei (2012), “China’s Energy Policy towards the Caspian Region: 1 the Case of Kazakhstan”, The Newsletter, No. 62, Available at: https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/nwl_article/2019-05/IIAS_NL62_28.pdf, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Karami, Jahangir (2006), “Hegemony in International Politics; Conceptual Framework, Historical Experience and its Future”, Political Science Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1-27 [in Persian].
Keivan Hosseini, Seyyed Asghar and Shirin Omrani Manesh (2018), “Confronting Terrorism and the Transformation of China’s Regional Foreign Policy in Central Asia (2002-2016)”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 453-467 [in Persian].
Khani, Mohammad Hassan, Parisa Shah Mohammadi and Mohammad Javad Soltani (2013), “The Impact of Security on China’s Economic Strategy in Central Asia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 19, No. 83, pp. 53-79 [in Persian].
Koolaee, Elaheh and Mandana Tishehyar (2010), “Comparative Study of China and Japan Energy Security Approaches in Central Asia”, Human Geography Research, Vol. 42, No. 71, pp. 123-140 [in Persian].
Kundnani, Hans (2011), “Germany as a Geo-Economic Power”, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 31-45.
Lee Boyer, Alan (2006), “Recreating the Silk Road: the Challenge of Overcoming Transaction Costs, Central Asia and China’s Energy Security”, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 71-97.
Legieć, Arkadiusz (2020), “Perspectives on China’s Policy towards Central Asia”, No. 184 (1614), Sep. 8, Available at: https://pism.pl/publications/ Perspectives_on_Chinas_Policy_towards_Central_Asiahttps://pism.pl/publications/Perspectives_on_Chinas_Policy_towards_Central_Asia, (Accessed on: 1/3/2021).
Liao, Xuanli (2006), “Central Asia and China’s Energy Security”, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 61-71.
Majidi, Mohammad Reza and Mohammad Hossein Dehghanian Farashah (2020), “Elements and Obstacles of Iran’s Geo-cultural Approach to China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 233-252 [in Persian].
Mardell, Jacob (2020), “China’s Footprint in Central Asia, Overland from Germany to Vietnam, Exploring China’s Economic Footprint in Eurasia”, Available at: https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/ user_upload/ST-DA_Asia_Policy_Brief_Chinas_Footprint_in_Central_ Asia.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/3/2021).
Mariani, Bernardo (2013), “China’s Role and Interests in Central Asia”, Saferworld (Preventing Violent Conflict. Building Safer Lives), Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/172938/chinas-role-and-interests-in-central-asia.pdf, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Mearsheimer, John J. (2005), “Better to Be Godzilla than Bambi”, Foreign Policy, No. 146, pp. 47-48.
Mousavi Shafaei, Massoud (2015), “The Fifth Generation of China’s Leaders and the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative”, International Relations Research, Vol. 5, No. 17, pp. 201-222 [in Persian].
Nandakumar, Janardhanan (2009), “China’s Search for Energy and its Strategy towards Central Asia”, International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 103-107.
Olsen, Robert (2012), “Arabia-Asia: China Builds New Silk Road, but is the Middle East Ready?”, Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ robertolsen/2012/ 10/21, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020).
Radgoodarzi, Masoumeh and Asgar Safari (2019), “Institutionalization of China Regional and the Future of Liberal International Order, a Case Study of Central Asia”, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Policy Research, Vol. 8, No. 30, pp. 227-262.
Rafi, Hossein and Mohsen Bakhtiari Jami (2013), “US Strategy Against China’s Economic, Political and Security Influence in Central Asia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 19, No. 83, pp. 81-106 [in Persian].
Rafi, Hossein and Mohsen Bakhtiari Jami (2016), “Neo-Mercantilist Approach of Russia and China to Central Asian Energy”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 22, No. 95, pp. 33-64 [in Persian].
Rezaei, Alireza (2008), “China and a Soft Balance against Hegemony United States of America in the Field of International System”, Yas Strategy Quarterly, No. 16, pp. 281-298 [in Persian].
Safari, Farzaneh, Hamid Ahmadi and Kayhan Barzegar (2020), “Iran and the China-Russia Axis in Central Asia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 26, No. 109, pp. 103-138 [in Persian].
Sajjadpour, Mohammad Kazem and Asieh Pourqorban Niaki (2018), “China and Extremism Derived from the Central Asian Region”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 24, No. 103, pp. 65-99 [in Persian].
Salimi, Hossein and Maryam Haftabadi (2008), “China’s Security-Political Considerations in Central Asia (2005-2001)”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 87-102 [in Persian].
Shariatinia, Mohsen (2007), “China’s Middle East Policy”, Foreign Policy, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 663-682 [in Persian].
Shariatinia, Mohsen (2012), “China and Central Asia; Changes in Geoeconomics”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 18, No. 77, pp. 133-150 [in Persian].
Soleimanpour, Hadi (2017), “Strategic Initiatives of Asian Powers in the Caspian Region”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 23, No. 99, pp. 51-88 [in Persian].
Soltani, Alireza, Maryam Derakhshandeh Lazarjani and Mohammad Rahgovi (2011), “The Place of Energy in China’s Middle East Policy”, Political Science and International Relations, Vol. 4, No. 16, pp. 197- 229 [in Persian].
Taghizadeh Ansari, Mohammad (2016), “China from Wealth to Maritime Development”, International Relations Research, Vol. 6, No. 22, pp. 163-186 [in Persian].
Tishehyar, Mandana and Esmaiel Bakhshi (2020), “Russia and China’s New Silk Road Plan; Opportunities and Challenges”, Central Eurasia Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 419-433 [in Persian].
Torabi, Ghasem and Mojgan Rezaei (2017), “China-US Counterterrorism Strategy in Central Asia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 23, No. 100, pp. 25-52 [in Persian].
Torabi, Ghasem, Alireza Rezaei and Sedigheh Zare (2014), Hegemony in International Relations from Theory to Practice, Hamadan: Islamic Azad University [in Persian].
Xuetang, Guo (2006), “The Energy Security in Central Eurasia: the Geopolitical Implications to China’s Energy Strategy”, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 117-139.
Yazdani, Enayatollah, Ali Omidi and Parisa Shah Mohammadi (2016), “Belt-Road Initiative; Consistency of Hartoland Theory”, Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, Vol. 22, No. 96, pp. 163-188 [in Persian].
Zimmermann, Thomas (2020), “The New Silk Road: China, the United States and the Future of Central Asia”, Center for Strategic Studies, Available at: http://css.ir/fa/content/125377, (Accessed on: 26/11/2020). | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,178 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 704 |