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روشی نوین برای تامین نیاز آبی برنج براساس پتانسیل ماتریک نزدیک به اشباع خاک | ||
مدیریت آب و آبیاری | ||
دوره 11، شماره 3، آبان 1400، صفحه 421-432 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jwim.2021.319595.864 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حجت قربانی واقعی* 1؛ حسین صبوری2؛ فاختک طلیعی طبری3 | ||
1استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران. | ||
3استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک ایران، آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده کشت برنج است. در این پژوهش، با هدف بررسی کشت برنج بهروش تأمین رطوبت پیوسته نزدیک به اشباع خاک در کنار برخی ترکیبات القاکننده رشد، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در شش تکرار و با دو تیمار آبیاری (غرقابی و زیرسطحی سفالی) و سه تیمار القاگر (شاهد، اسیدسالیسیلیک و مایکوریز) در سال 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس اجرا شد. برای تأمین رطوبت پیوسته نزدیک به اشباع خاک از نازل آبیاری زیرسطحی و از تیمارهای اسید سالیسیلیک بهصورت محلولپاشی برگی با غلظت 2 میلیمولار و مایکوریز بهصورت 5 درصد حجمی مخلوط با خاک استفاده شد. پس از برداشت گیاه برنج، صفات زراعی شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه اصلی، جرم دانه پر، جرم هزاردانه، جرم خوشه اصلی، جرم کل خوشهها، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، حجم آب مصرفی، شاخص بهرهوری و کارایی مصرف آب و شاخص برداشت اندازهگیری و محاسبه شد. مقدار عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح برای روش آبیاری غرقابی بهترتیب برای تیمارهای اسید سالیسیلیک، مایکوریز و شاهد بهترتیب 5170، 4710 و 4202 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بود. در حالیکه این مقادیر برای روش آبیاری زیرسطحی بهترتیب 4985، 4807 و 4063 بهدست آمد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف عملکرد دانه برنج، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت بین روشهای آبیاری معنیدار نبود، اما کارایی مصرف آب و شاخص بهرهوری آب در سامانه آبیاری زیرسطحی بهطور معنیداری بیشتر از آبیاری غرقابی بود. بهطورکلی روش تأمین رطوبت نزدیک به اشباع خاک قادر به افزایش کارایی سیستم آبیاری زیر سطحی در مقایسه با روش مرسوم شده بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آبیاری زیرسطحی؛ القاکننده رشد؛ رطوبت خاک؛ کپسول رسی | ||
مراجع | ||
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