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تعیین شیوه و رژیم حکمرانی آب در مواجهه با تغییرات محیطی از دیدگاه نهاد و ذینفعان محلی (مطالعۀ موردی: حوزۀ آبخیز دریاچۀ طشک-بختگان) | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 74، شماره 1، خرداد 1400، صفحه 81-102 اصل مقاله (1.49 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2019.280359.1379 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید رحیمی1؛ آرش ملکیان2؛ امیر علم بیگی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و توسعۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آب، مایۀحیات است، حتی در زمانی که به وفور یافت می‌شود. در سال‌های گذشته، اطمینان واهی از دائمی بودن خدمات آب در کشور ایران، باعث شده است تا ساختار‌های نهادی مربوط به آب به صورت نامناسب و ناسازگار با تغییرات محیطی ایجاد شده و هنگام بروز بحران‌های مربوط به آب مانند خشکسالی، وقوع سیلاب و در مقیاس بزرگتر، تغییر اقلیم، توانایی انعطاف و تاب‌آوری در مقابل این تغییرات را نداشته باشند. بدین منظور، شناخت نظام حکمرانی کنونی در کشور، از نیاز‌های ضروری تلقی می‌شود. به همین دلیل در این مطالعه به بررسی شیوه و رژیم نظام حکمرانی آب در یکی از مناطق دچار چالش کم‌آبی پرداخته شد. برای تعیین شیوۀ حکمرانی در دو سطح نهاد و ذینفعان محلی از پرسشنامه با روایی قابل قبول توسط اساتید مربوطه و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 71/0 در سطح نهاد و 69/0 در سطح ذینفع استفاده شد. در دو سطح نهاد و ذینفع، به ترتیب روش نمونه گیری گلوله‌برفی و تصادفی به کار گرفته شد. همچنین، به منظور تعیین رژیم حکمرانی در چهار شهرستان ارسنجان، نی‌ریز، خرامه و استهبان از روش تحلیل شبکۀ نهادی رسمی و غیر‌رسمی با روش نمونه‌گیری شبکۀ کامل استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در ده کارکرد فرعی حکمرانی مورد بررسی، شیوۀ سلسله‌مراتبی بیشتر مشاهده شده است. به علاوه نتایج تحلیل شبکه نهادی نیز نشان داد که رژیم حکمرانی کنونی در هر چهار شهرستان، رژیم رانت‌خواه متمرکز می‌باشد؛ که از ویژگی‌های شیوۀ حکمرانی سلسله‌مراتبی تلقی می‌شود. در نهایت بر اساس نتایج ترکیب شیوه‌های حکمرانی و رسیدن به فراحکمرانی پیشنهاد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سازگاری نهادی؛ فراحکمرانی؛ تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی؛ نظام‌های اجتماعی-اکولوژیک (SES)؛ حوزه آبخیز دریاچه طشک-بختگان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determining the mode and regime of the water governance in the face of environmental changes from the perspective of institution and local stakeholders | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Rahimi1؛ Arash Malekian2؛ Amir Alambeigi3 | ||
| 1Department Of arid and mountainous regions, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department Of arid and mountainous regions, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Agricultural extension and education, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water is a source of life, even when it is abundant. In the last few years, the unreal certainty of water services in Iran has caused institutional structures of water to be unsuitable and incompatible with environmental changes, and when water-related crises such as drought, flood occurrence and in the larger scale, climate change, are capable of flexibility and resilient in the face of these changes. In this regard, the recognition of the present governance system in the country is considered essential. Therefore, in this study, mode and regime of water governance were studied in one of the problem areas of water scarcity. In order to determine the mode of governance, questionnaires were used in two levels of the institution and local stakeholders. In order to determine the regime of governance, formal and informal institutional network analysis method was used in the Arsanjan, Neyriz, Kherameh and Estahban counties. The results of the governance mode showed that in ten sub-functions of governance under consideration, the more hierarchical mode has been observed. In addition, the results of the analysis of the institutional network also showed that the current governance regime in all four counties is a centralized (Rent-seeking) regime, which is considered a hierarchical governance mode feature. Finally, the combination of methods of governance and arrival to meta-governance is proposed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| institutional adaptation, meta-governance, social network analysis, social-ecological systems (SES), Tashk-Bakhtegan lake basin | ||
| مراجع | ||
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