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مبانی حقوقی الزام گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته به رعایت و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه در مخاصمات مسلحانۀ داخلی | ||
| فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 3، مهر 1400، صفحه 1115-1138 اصل مقاله (651.06 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jplsq.2019.275520.1920 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید هادی محمودی1؛ ایمان منتظری* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| درحالی‌که امروزه به‌صورت گسترده پذیرفته شده است که گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته ملزم به رعایت و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه‌اند، با این حال با توجه به ماهیت دولت‌محور حقوق بین‌الملل و همچنین عدم صلاحیت گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته به تصویب و الحاق به اسناد بین‌المللی، چگونگی و به‌عبارت دیگر مبنای حقوقی الزام گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته به رعایت و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه مبهم است. نویسندگان حقوقی و محاکم بین‌المللی به‌منظور تعیین مبنای الزام گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته به رعایت و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه استدلال‌ها و نظرهای مختلفی را ارائه داده‌اند. این استدلال‌ها عبارت‌اند از: عرف بین‌المللی، اصول کلی حقوقی، رضایت گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته، نظریۀ جانشینی و نظریۀ صلاحیت قانونگذاری. باید توجه داشت که این موضوع صرفاً بحث آکادمیک نیست، بلکه زمانی‌که محاکم بین‌المللی کیفری درصدد اجرای اصل قانونی بودن جرم و مجازات هستند، این بحث اهمیت زیادی پیدا می‌کند. در این مقاله ضمن بررسی این استدلال‌ها، با توجه به نقص‌ها و ایرادات دیگر استدلال‌ها، به این نتیجه می‌رسیم که نظریۀ صلاحیت قانونگذاری، استدلال مناسبی به‌منظور ملزم ساختن گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته به رعایت و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پروتکل الحاقی دوم؛ حقوق بشردوستانه؛ صلاحیت قانونگذاری؛ گروه‌های مسلح سازمان‌یافته؛ مادۀ 3 مشترک؛ مبانی الزام؛ مخاصمات مسلحانۀ داخلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Legal Basis for Obliging Organized Armed Groups to Respect and Implement Humanitarian Law in Internal Armed Conflict | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Hadi Mahmoudi1؛ Iman Montazeri Ghahjavarestani2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2MA. in International Law, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| While today it is widely accepted that organized armed groups are obliged to respect and implement international humanitarian law, however, given the nature of the State-centric of international law as well as the incapacity of organized armed groups to ratify and accede to international instruments, the legal basis for Obliging organized armed groups to respect and implement international humanitarian law and how to do so is vague. Legal writers and international tribunals have presented various arguments and opinions to determine the legal basis of obligation of organized armed groups to respect and implement international humanitarian law. These arguments are: customary international law, general principles of law, the consent of organized armed groups, the theory of succession, and theory of legislative jurisdiction. It should be noted that this is not just an academic debate, but this issue is of great importance when international criminal courts and tribunals try to enforce the principle of the legality of crime and punishment. In this paper, while analyzing these arguments, given the shortcomings and deficiencies that the other arguments have, we conclude that the theory of legislative jurisdiction is a good argument for obliging organized armed groups to respect and implement international humanitarian law. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Additional Protocol 2, International Humanitarian Law, Legislative Jurisdiction, Organized Armed Groups, Common Article 3, Basis of Obligation, Internal Armed Conflicts | ||
| مراجع | ||
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1. فارسی الف) کتاب‌ها 1. ابراهیم‌گل، علیرضا؛ سیفی، سید جمال (1393)، مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت متن و شرح مواد کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل، تهران: شهر دانش. 2. فلسفی، هدایت‌الله (1393)، حقوق بین‌الملل معاهدات، تهران: فرهنگ نو. 3. ممتاز، جمشید؛ رنجبریان، امیرحسین (1393)، حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانة مخاصمات مسلحانة داخلی، تهران: میزان.
ب) مقالات 4. فردروس، آلفرد؛ امیرارجمند، اردشیر (1374)، «اصول کلی حقوق بین‌الملل در نظام منابع حقوق بین‌الملل عام»، مجلۀ تحقیقات حقوقی، ش 16. 5. ضیایی، سید یاسر (1391)، «تأملی بر وضعیت شورشیان در حقوق بشردوستانة بین‌المللی»، فصلنامة آفاق امنیت، سال پنجم، ش 17.
ج) پایان‌نامه 6. محمودی، سید هادی؛ منتظری قهجاورستانی، ایمان (1397)، تعهد شورشیان به حمایت از غیرنظامیان در مخاصمات مسلحانة غیر بین‌المللی، تهران، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
2. انگلیسی A) Books
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D) Documents
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61. Yearbook of the Law Commission International Law Commission, 2011, A/CN.4/SER.A/2010/Add.l (Part 2), Vol. II, Part. | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 715 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 258 |
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