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بررسی اجزاء ردپای آب گندم و جو در استان آذربایجان شرقی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 52، شماره 4، تیر 1400، صفحه 981-995 اصل مقاله (1.64 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.311070.668756 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهرداد مجتهدی1؛ خلیل کلانتری* 1؛ علی اسدی1؛ حجت ورمزیاری1؛ جواد حسین زاد2 | ||
| 1گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استان آذربایجان شرقی به‌عنوان یکی از استان‌های مهم در تولید محصولات زراعی، با تولید 28/7 درصد گندم و 76/4 درصد جو کشور، نقش مهمی در تأمین این محصولات دارد. اما در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل وجود خشک‌سالی‌های متعدد، کاهش بارندگی و توزیع نامنظم آن، وضعیت وخیم روان آب‌ها در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه، کاهش سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی و افزایش شوری آن‌ها در منطقه و غیره، همواره تولیدات کشاورزی به‌ویژه تولید این دو محصول با چالش کمبود آب مواجه شده که باعث شده است مدیریت مصرف آب به‌ویژه در بخش کشاورزی در استان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار بشود. بر همین اساس در مطالعه‌ی حاضر با بهره‌گیری از یکی از ابزارهای مدیریت آب به نام ردپای آب، به بررسی اجزای ردپای آب گندم و جو در 21 شهرستان طی سال‌های 96-1386 پرداخته‌شده است. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده میانگین آب مجازی گندم و جو آبی در نیمه دوم دوره مورد مطالعه به ترتیب برابر با 2928 و 2888 مترمکعب بر تن و در گندم و جو دیم به ترتیب 2998 و 2829 مترمکعب بر تن بوده و به تبع آن متوسط بهره‌وری آب در هر دو محصول آبی برابر 34/0 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب می‌باشد که نشان می‌دهد کشت هر دو محصول فشار یکسانی بر منابع آبی استان دارد. در اکثر شهرستان‌های استان نیز سهم ردپای آب آبی بیشتر از ردپای آب سبز بوده و به‌طور کلی در استان سهم ردپای آب آبی، سبز، خاکستری و سفید برای گندم آبی به ترتیب، 5/33، 6/20، 6/12 و 3/33 درصد و در جو آبی به ترتیب، 34، 7/20، 5/15 و 8/29 درصد می‌باشد. علاوه بر این برای هر دو محصول گندم و جو دیم نیز سهم ردپای آب سبز و خاکستری به ترتیب 3/88 و 7/11 درصد بدست آمده است. همچنین بر اساس شاخص ردپای آب و صرفاً بر اساس دیدگاه مدیریت مصرف آب، شمال شرق استان به لحاظ کشت گندم و جو آبی و همچنین شهرستان بستان‌آباد فقط در کشت گندم آبی و در محصولات دیم، مرکز، غرب و جنوب استان به لحاظ حفظ منابع آبی می‌توانند به‌عنوان مراکز تولید این دو محصول مناسب باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب آبی؛ آب سبز؛ آب خاکستری؛ آب مجازی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the Water Footprint Components of Wheat and Barley in East Azerbaijan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehrdad Mojtahedi1؛ Khalil Kalantari1؛ Ali Asadi1؛ hojat varmazyari1؛ Javad Hosseinzad2 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| East Azerbaijan province is one of the important provinces in crop production, with the production of 7.28% of the country's wheat and 4.76% of barley, which has an important role in providing these two products. But in recent years, because of multiple droughts, rainfall reduction and irregular distribution of that, the unpleasant condition of runoff water in the basin of Urmia lake, groundwater level drawdown and increasing their salinity, and etc., the agricultural production, especially the production of these two products, is facing with the challenge of water shortage, which has made the water consumption management to be of particular importance, especially in agricultural sector. Accordingly, in this study, using one of the water management tools, namely water footprint, the components of the water footprint of wheat and barley have been investigated in 21 counties between 2007-2017. Based on the results, the average water footprint for the irrigated wheat and barley in the second half of the study period were 2928 and 2888 m3/ton, and for the rainfed wheat and barley were 2998 and 2829 m3/ton, respectively. The average water productivity for both wheat and barley crops was 0.34 kg/m3, indicating that the cultivation of both crops has the same pressure on the province's water resources. In the most county of the province, the share of blue water footprint was more than green water footprint and in general, the share of blue, green, gray, and white water footprints for irrigated wheat was 33.5, 20.6, 12.6, and 33.3% and for the irrigated barley was 34, 20.7, 15.5 and 29.8%, respectively. Also, for both rainfed wheat and barley, the share of green and gray water footprints was 88.3 and 11.7%. Finally, Northeast of the province could be suitable for irrigated wheat and barley cultivation in terms of water footprint index and just on the basis of water consumption management. Bostan Abad county could be suitable for irrigated wheat and rainfed products and the center, west and south of the province could be suitable for wheat and barely products, in terms of saving water resources. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Blue Water, Green Water, Gray Water, Virtual Water | ||
| مراجع | ||
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