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سرشت، سرنوشت و روشهای اندازهگیری آلایندههای آلی لجن فاضلاب در خاک | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 52، شماره 2، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 577-595 اصل مقاله (938.07 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: یادداشت تحقیقاتی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.311026.668760 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علی عطایی* 1؛ نادر قلی ابراهیمی2؛ حسین اسدی3؛ منوچهر گرجی3 | ||
1فارغ التحصیل دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران | ||
2استادیار هیدرولیک مهندسی رودخانه-پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری تهران ایران | ||
3گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
لجن فاضلاب مواد نیمه جامد حاصل از ترسیب ذرات معلق در جریان تصفیه فاضلابها است. به دلیل حجم بسیار زیاد لجن تولیدشده، روشهای مختلفی برای دفع آنها پیشنهاد شده است و از آنجاییکه غلظت عناصر غذایی این مواد زیاد است، استفاده بهعنوان کود در زمینهای کشاورزی یک راهکار موردتوجه است. با این وجود حضور آلایندههای مختلف بهطور قابلتوجهی باعث محدودیت استفاده از لجن بهعنوان کود و اصلاحکننده خاک شده است. با توجه به سمیت زیاد آلایندههای آلی و عوارض جبرانناپذیر حضور آنها در محیطزیست، هدف این مقاله، بررسی تنوع آلایندههای آلی موجود در لجن و حدود مجاز آن برای استفاده در اراضی کشاورزی، سرنوشت این آلایندهها در خاک و انواع روشهای اندازهگیری آن است. هیدروکربنهای حلقوی چندهستهای، بیفنیلهای چندکلره، دی اتیل هگزیل فتالات، نونیلفنل و نونیلفنل اتوکسیلات، آلکیلوبنزن سولفانات خطی، هالیدهای آلی، دیبنزو دیاکسینها و فورانهای چند کلره از مهمترین آلایندههای آلی شناختهشده در لجن فاضلاب هستند. این آلایندهها میتوانند توسط ذرات جامد خاک جذب، توسط موجودات خاکزی تجزیه، یا همراه با آب یا ذرات خاک در مسافتهای طولانی انتقال یابند. عصارهگیری از نمونه لجن، پاکسازی عصاره و اندازهگیری آنها با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی یا مایع، مراحل تعیین غلظت آلایندههای آلی در لجن است. استفاده از روشهای جدید در عصارهگیری همانند اولتراسونیک، شرایط تحتفشار و ماکروویو، باعث افزایش سرعت استخراج و کاهش مصرف حلالها و مواد شیمیایی مورد نیاز و تعداد مراحل آزمایش شده است. این تحقیق ضمن معرفی انواع آلایندههای آلی و روشهای آزمایشگاهی اندازهگیری آن در لجن فاضلاب به بررسی حدود مجاز آلایندههای آلی در محیطزیست و اراضی کشاورزی میپردازد، بطوریکه برای تصویب و وضع قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با کیفیت لجن و کاربرد آن در بخش کشاورزی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آلایندههای نوظهور؛ آنالیز دستگاهی؛ حد مجاز؛ ترکیبات آلی | ||
مراجع | ||
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