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ممنوعیت پیوستهسازی سرزمینی و نظریۀ جدایی چارهساز در بحران کریمه | ||
مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 13، شماره 1، فروردین 1399، صفحه 47-70 اصل مقاله (556.88 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcep.2019.286616.449862 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
روح الله رهامی1؛ محمد علی بهمنی قاجار* 2 | ||
1استادیار حقوق بینالملل، پردیس فارابی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
2دکتری حقوق بینالملل عمومی، پردیس فارابی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
اصل حق مردم به تعیین سرنوشت خود از قواعد بنیادین حقوق بینالملل است، این اصل در حقوق بینالملل موضوعه دربرگیرندۀ نفی اشغالگری و استعمارزدایی است. اما نظریهای نیز به نام جدایی چارهساز مطرح شده است که در صورت بهدستآوردن شرایط و بهعنوان آخرین راهکار، برای گروههای جمعیتی در درون یک کشور امکان توسل به جنبۀ خارجی حق تعیین سرنوشت وجود دارد. اما بعضی کشورها نیز با توسل به نظریۀ جدایی چارهساز در عمل، سرزمین کشورهای دیگر را اشغال و مناطقی از آن کشور را تجزیه میکنند و بهطور رسمی یا عملی به کشور خود پیوسته میسازند. از اینرو، نوعی تضاد و تنش میان ممنوعیت پیوست سرزمینی بهعنوان یک قاعدۀ آمرۀ حقوق بینالملل که از حق تعیین سرنوشت نیز تأثیر میپذیرد با نظریۀ جدایی چارهساز، پدیدار شده است. در این میان، دولت روسیه با توسل به نظریۀ جدایی چارهساز، شبهجزیرۀ کریمه را از اوکراین جدا و به خاک خود ملحق کرده است. با وجود این، این پرسش مطرح میشود که آیا جدایی کریمه از اوکراین جدایی چارهساز بوده یا نوعی اکتساب سرزمین به زور در پوشش آیین جدایی چارهساز است؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه مطرح میشود که منع اشغال و ممنوعیت پیوستهسازی سرزمینی از قواعد آمرۀ حقوق بینالملل و مصادیق حق تعیین سرنوشت هستند و نظریۀ جدایی چارهساز نمیتواند خدشهای به این قواعد وارد سازد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اوکراین؛ جدایی چارهساز؛ حق تعیین سرنوشت؛ روسیه؛ کریمه؛ ممنوعیت پیوستهسازی سرزمینی | ||
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