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عمق نصب زهکشهای زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک؛ چالشها و راهکارها | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 16، دوره 51، شماره 3، خرداد 1399، صفحه 737-752 اصل مقاله (1.26 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.292663.668397 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مجید شریفی پور* 1؛ علیرضا حسناقلی2؛ عبدالمجید لیاقت3؛ عبدعلی ناصری4 | ||
1استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
2عضو هیئت علمی (دانشیار) مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
3استاد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
4استاد، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
چالش اصلی در تعیین عمق زهکشها در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، عدم کارآیی زهکشهای کمعمق در کنترل شوری و در عینحال تخلیه زهاب بیشتر، شورتر و آلودهتر توسط زهکشهای عمیق است. در فصل آبیاری، هدف زهکشی عمدتاً تهویه خاک است و عمق طراحی زهکشها باید سطح آب زیرزمینی را در موقعیتی حفظ کند که از آسیبهای ناشی از ماندابی جلوگیری شود. در دوره بدون آبیاری، حداقل عمق لازم برای زهکشها باید بهگونهای باشد که از صعود شوری همراه با جریان مویینگی جلوگیری کند. شاید بهترین راهکار فائق آمدن بر تعارض کنترل شوری و آسیب کمتر به محیطزیست، زهکشی کنترل شده است. با اینحال هزینه نصب تجهیزات و سازههای لازم برای این سامانهها و همچنین مشکلات بهرهبرداری و نگهداری، سبب شده است تا اجرا و بهرهبرداری از آنها در کشورهای درحال توسعه گسترش زیادی پیدا نکند. شاید بهنظر سادهترین و کمهزینهترین راهکار، شخمزدن خاک و یا هرگونه عملیات خاکورزی است که موجب قطع لولههای مویین شود. ولی شخم زدن پس از برداشت محصول، محتوای مواد آلی خاک را در برابر نور آفتاب قرار میدهد که با سرعت اکسید میشوند و این امر بر حاصلخیزی اراضی اثر منفی خواهد گذاشت. یک راهکار قابل پیشنهاد دیگر سامانه زهکشی دوعمقی است. در چنین سامانهای، وظیفه کنترل سطح ایستابی در فصل آبیاری بیشتر بر عهده زهکشهای کمعمق است و در فصل بدون آبیاری سطح ایستابی به تراز زهکشهای عمیقتر نزول میکند و پتانسیل شور شدن مجدد به وسیله خیز مویینگی کاهش مییابد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شوری؛ زهاب؛ مویینگی؛ زهکشی کنترل شده؛ زهکشی دوعمقی | ||
مراجع | ||
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