تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,099,123 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,206,735 |
The effect of nano-Kaolinite on liquefaction resistance of liquefiable sand | ||
Geopersia | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 1، فروردین 2020، صفحه 101-113 اصل مقاله (1.73 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/geope.2019.259459.648392 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Rasool Yazarloo؛ Mashalah Khamechiyan* ؛ Mohammad Nikudel | ||
Department of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of liquefiable sand from Gorgan city of Iran. To examine the influence of the nano-kaolinite concentration on the liquefaction resistance of nano-kaolinite-sand mixtures, three different nano-kaolinite concentrations: 3%, 6% and 9% were prepared. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on pure sand and nano-kaolinite-sand mixtures. Triaxial test was repeated two times for each nano-kaolinite-sandy soil mixtures and the mean values and standard deviation was obtained. Based on the obtained results, nano-kaolinite concentration has a contradictory effect on the liquefaction resistance of the studied soil. It was found that the influence of nano-kaolinite concentration on liquefaction resistance of the sand should be evaluated using a critical value of nano-kaolinite concentration. Below critical value (under 3% nano-kaolinite content), liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase of nano-kaolinite concentration. Above this value, liquefaction resistance enhances with the increase of nano-kaolinite concentration. The results showed that the liquefaction resistance of 9% nano-kaolinite-sand samples was higher than pure sand sample. It was found that at the same cyclic stress ratio, liquefaction resistance and axial strain of samples decreases with the increase of the confining pressure. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Nano-Kaolinite؛ liquefaction؛ cyclic triaxial tests؛ Gorgan | ||
مراجع | ||
ASTM D6913/D6913M-17, 2006. Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.## ASTM D4253-00, 2006. Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.## ASTM D4254-16, 2006. Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.## ASTM D4318-17e1, 2006. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.## ASTM D5311-13, 2006. Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil. ASTM International, West Conshohocken.## Cao, G., 2004. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials-Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Imperial College Press, London, England.## Castiglia, M., Filippo, S.D.M., Napolitano, A., 2018. Stability of pipelines in liquefied soils: overview of computational methods. Geomechanics and Engineering, 14(4): 355–366## Chang, N.Y., Yeh, S.T., Kaufman, L.P., 1982. Liquefaction Potential of Clean and Silty Sands. Proceedings of the Third International Earthquake Microzonation Conference, Seattle, USA, 2:1017–1032## Chang, W.J., Hong, M.L., 2008. Effects of clay content on liquefaction characteristics of gap–graded clayey sands. Soils and Foundations, 48(1): 101–114## Changizi, F., Haddad, A., 2017. Effect of nanocomposite on the strength parameters of soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(3): 676–686## Changizi, F., Haddad, A., 2015. Strength properties of soft clay treated with mixture of nano–SiO2 and recycled polyester fiber. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 7(4): 367–378## Chu, B.L., Hsu, S.C., Chang, Y.M., 2003. Ground behavior and liquefaction analyses in central Taiwan–Wufeng. Engineering Geology, 71(1): 119–139## Dimitrova, R.S., Yanful, E.K., 2012. Factors affecting the shear strength of mine tailings/clay mixtures with varying clay content and clay mineralogy. Engineering Geology, 125(1): 11–25## Duman, E.S., Ikizier, S.B., Angin, Z., Demir, G., 2014. Assessment of liquefaction potential of the Erzincan, Eastern Turkey. Geomechanics and Engineering, 7(6): 589–612## Erken, A., 2001. The role of geotechnical factors on observed damage in Adapazari during 1999 earthquake. 15th ICSMGE, TC4 Satellite Conference on Lessons Learned from Recent Strong Earthquakes, Istanbul, Turkey.## Firoozi, A.A., Taha, M.R., Firoozi, A.A., Khan, T.A., 2014. Assessment of nano–zeolite on soil properties. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(19): 292–295## Frechen, M., Kehl, M., Rolf, C., Sarvati, R., Skowronek, A., 2009. Loess chronology of the Caspian low land in northern Iran. Quaternary International, 198(1): 220–233## Gallagher, P.M., Mitchell, J.K., 2002. Influence of colloidal silica grout on liquefaction potential and cyclic undrained behavior of loose sand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22(9):1017–1026## Gallagher, P.M., Conlee, C.T., Rollins, K.M., 2007a. Full–scale field testing of colloidal silica grouting for mitigation of liquefaction risk. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(2):186–196## Gallagher, P.M., Pamuk, A., Abdoun, T., 2007b. Stabilization of liquefiable soils using colloidal silica grout. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(1): 33–40## Guo, T., Prakash, S., 1999. Liquefaction of silts and silt–clay mixtures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 8: 706–710## Huang, Y., Wang, L., 2016a. Experimental studies on Nanomaterials for soil improvement: a review. Environmental Earth Science, 75(6): 1–10## Huang, Y., Wang, L., 2016b. Laboratory investigation of liquefaction mitigation in silty sand using nanoparticles. Engineering Geology, 204(1): 23–32## Ku, C.S., Juang, C.H., 2012. Liquefaction and cyclic softening potential of soils—aunified piezocone penetration testing–based approach. Géotechnique, 62(5): 457–461## Ku, C.S., Lee, D.H., Wu, J.H., 2004. Evaluation of soil liquefaction in the Chi–Chi, Taiwan earthquake using CPT. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24(9): 659–673## Lade, P.V., Yamamuro, J.A., Liggio, C.D., 2009. Effects of fines content on void ratio, compressibility, and static liquefaction of silty sand. Geomechanics and Engineering, 1(1): 1–15## Majdi, A., Soltani, A.S., Litkouhi, S., 2007. Mitigation of liquefaction hazard by dynamic compaction. Proceedings of The Effect of Nano-Kaolinite on Liquefaction Resistance of Liquefiable Sand 113 the Institution of Civil Engineers–Ground Improvement, 11(3): 137–143## Marto, A., Tan, C.S., Makhtar, A.M., Jusoh, S.N., 2016. Cyclic Behaviour of Johor Sand. International journal of GEOMATE: geotechnique, construction materials and environment, 10(21): 1891–1898.## Majeed, Z.H., Taha, M.R., 2012. Effect of nanomaterial treatment on geotechnical properties of a Penang soft soil. Journal of Asian Scientific Research 2(11): 587–592## Mohammadi, M., Niazian, M., 2013. Investigation of nano–clay effect on geotechnical properties of Rasht clay. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, 3(3): 37–46## Mostafazadeh, R., Ownegh, M., 2012. Assessing liquefaction hazard potential in southern Gorgan–rood plains, Golestan province. Watershed Management Research. National Research Council (US), 1985. Liquefaction of Soils During Earthquakes. National Academy Press, Washington, the united states.## Nowroozi, A.A., Ahmadi, G., 1986. Analysis of earthquake risk in Iran based on seismotectonic provinces. Tectonophysics, 122(1–2): 89–114## Papadopoulou, A., Tika, T., 2008. The effect of fines on critical state and liquefaction resistance characteristics of non– plastic silty sands. Soils and Foundation, 48(5): 713–725## Persoff, P., Apps, J., Moridis, G., Whang, J.M., 1999. Effect of dilution and contaminants on sand grouted with colloidal silica. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(6): 461–469## Polito, C.P., 1999. The effects of non–plastic and plastic fines on the liquefaction of sandy soils. Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Virginia.## Sonmez, B., Ulusay, R., Sonmez, H., 2008. A study on the identification of liquefaction induced failures on ground surface based on the data from the 1999 Kocaeli and Chi–Chi earthquakes. Engineering Geology, 97(3): 112–125## Stewart, D., Knox, R., 1995. What is the Maximum Depth Liquefaction Can Occur? Third International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Volume Ill, St. Louis, Missouri. Yazdani, A., Kowsari, M., 2013. Bayesian estimation of seismic hazards in Iran. Scientia Iranica, 20(3): 422–430## Yuan, H., Yang, SH., Andrus, R.D., Juang, H., 2003. Liquefaction–induced ground failure: a study of the Chi–Chi earthquake cases. Engineering Geology, 71(1): 141–155## Wang, X., Wei, H., Khormali, F., Taheri, M., Kehl, M., Frechen, M., Chen, F., 2017. Grain–size distribution of Pleistocene loess deposits in northern Iran and its palaeoclimatic implications. Quaternary International, 429(1): 41–51## | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 628 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 861 |