Evaluation of soil pollution sources using multivariate analysis combined with geostatistical methods in Zanjan Basin, Iran

 Ali, S. M., Malik, R. N., 2011. Spatial distribution of metals in top soils of Islamabad City, Pakistan. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 172 (1–4): 1–16.##
Amini, M., Afyuni, M., Fathianpour, N., Khademi, H., Flühler, H., 2005. Continuous soil pollution mapping using fuzzy logic and spatial interpolation. Geoderma, 124 (3): 223–233.##
Anttila, P., Paatero, P., Tapper, U., Järvinen, O., 1995. Source identification of bulk wet deposition in Finland by positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Environment, 29 (14): 1705–1718.##
Bhuiyan, M. A., Parvez, L., Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., Suzuki, S., 2010. Heavy metal pollution of coal mine–affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of hazardous materials, 173 (1): 384–392.##
Chapman, H.D., 1965. Cation–exchange capacity 1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, (methods of soil and), pp.891–901##
Chen, H., Teng, Y., Wang, J., Song, L., Zuo, R., 2013. Source apportionment of trace element pollution in surface sediments using positive matrix factorization combined support vector machines: application to the Jinjiang River, China. Biological trace element research, 151 (3): 462–470.##
Comero, S., 2011, Source identification of environmental pollutants using chemical analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization. PhD Thesis.##
Comero, S., Servida, D., De Capitani, L., Gawlik, B. M., 2012. Geochemical characterization of an abandoned mine site: a combined positive matrix factorization and GIS approach compared with principal component analysis. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 118: 30–37.##
Conyers, M.K. Davey, B.G., 1988. Observations on some routine methods for soil pH determination. Soil Science, 145 (1): 29–36.##
Davis, H. T., Aelion, C. M., McDermott, S., Lawson, A. B., 2009. Identifying natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in urban and rural soils using GIS–based data, PCA, and spatial interpolation. Environmental Pollution, 157(8):2378–2385.##
Davies, B.E., 1974. Loss–on–ignition as an estimate of soil organic matter 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38 (1): 150–151.##
Norris, G. A., Duvall, R., Brown, S. G., Bai, S., 2014. EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 fundamentals and User Guide Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Washington,DC. DC EPA/600/R–14/108.##
Facchinelli, A., Sacchi, E., Mallen, L., 2001. Multivariate statistical and GIS–based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils. Environmental pollution, 114 (3): 313–324.##
Farnham, I. M., Singh, A. K., Stetzenbach, K. J., & Johannesson, K. H., 2002. Treatment of nondetects in multivariate analysis of groundwater geochemistry data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 60 (1): 265–281.##
González–Macías, C., Sánchez–Reyna, G., Salazar–Coria, L., Schifter, I., 2014. Application of the positive matrix factorization approach to identify heavy metal sources in sediments. A case study on the Mexican Pacific Coast. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 186(1): 307–324.##
Guan, Q., Wang, F., Xu, C., Pan, N., Lin, J., Zhao, R., Luo, H., 2018. Source apportionment of heavy metals in
agricultural soil based on PMF: A case study in Hexi Corridor, northwest China. Chemosphere, 193: 189–197.##
Hulseman, J., 1966. An inventory of marine carbonate materials. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology ASCE, 36 (2): 622–625.##
Hao, L., Tian, M., Zhao, X., Zhao, Y., Lu, J., Bai, R., 2016. Spatial distribution and sources of trace elements in surface soils, Changchun, China: Insights from stochastic models and geostatistical analyses. Geoderma, 273: 54–63.##
Harris, P., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M., 2011. Geographically weighted principal components analysis. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 25 (10): 1717–1736.##
Huang, S., Conte, M. H., 2009. Source/process apportionment of major and trace elements in sinking particles in the Sargasso Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73 (1): 65–90.##
Huang, Y., Li, T., Wu, C., He, Z., Japenga, J., Deng, M., Yang, X., 2015. An integrated approach to assess heavy metal source apportionment in peri–urban agricultural soils. Journal of hazardous materials, 299: 540–549.##
Hussain, R., Khattak, S. A., Shah, M. T., Ali, L., 2015. Multistatistical approaches for environmental geochemical assessment of pollutants in soils of Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate, Pakistan. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15(5):1119–1129.##
Khamehchiyan, M., Nikoudel, M.R. Boroumandi, M., 2011. Identification of hazardous waste landfill site: a case study from Zanjan province, Iran. Environmental earth sciences, 64 (7): 1763–1776.##
Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., 2005. Identification of fine particle sources in mid–Atlantic US area. Water, Air, and Soil
Pollution, 168 (1–4): 391–421. Evaluation of soil pollution sources using multivariate analysis combined with geostatistical … 303##
Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Edgerton, E. S., 2003. Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53 (6):731–739.##
Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Edgerton, E. S., 2004. Improving source identification of Atlanta aerosol using temperature resolved carbon fractions in positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Environment, 38(20): 3349–3362.##
Krieger, R. (Ed.)., 2001. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Two–Volume Set: Principles and Agents (Vol. 1).
Academic Press.##
Li, J., He, M., Han, W., Gu, Y., 2009. Analysis and assessment on heavy metal sources in the coastal soils developed from alluvial deposits using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2): 976–981.##
Liang, J., Zhong, M., Zeng, G., Chen, G., Hua, S., Li, X., Yuan, Y., Wu, H., Gao, X., 2016. Risk management for optimal land use planning integrating ecosystem services values: a case study in Changsha, Middle China. Sci. Total Environ. 579:1675–1682##
Liang, J., Feng, C., Zeng, G., Gao, X., Zhong, M., Li, X., Fang, Y., 2017a. Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metals in surface soils in a typical coal mine city, Lianyuan, China. Environmental Pollution, 225: 681–690.##
Liang, J., Feng, C., Zeng, G., Zhong, M., Gao, X., Li, X., He, X., Li, X., Fang, Y. and Mo, D., 2017b. Atmospheric deposition of mercury and cadmium impacts on topsoil in a typical coal mine city, Lianyuan, China. Chemosphere,189: 198–205##
Liang, J., Zhong, M., Zeng, G., Chen, G., Hua, S., Li, X., Yuan, Y., Wu, H. Gao, X., 2017c. Risk management for optimal land use planning integrating ecosystem services values: A case study in Changsha, Middle China. Science of the Total Environment, 579: 1675–1682##
Liu, D., Li, Y., Ma, J., Li, C., Chen, X., 2016. Heavy metal pollution in urban soil from 1994 to 2012 in Kaifeng City, China. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227 (5): 154.##
Lin, Y. P., Cheng, B. Y., Chu, H. J., Chang, T. K., Yu, H. L., 2011. Assessing how heavy metal pollution and human activity are related by using logistic regression and kriging methods. Geoderma, 163(3): 275–282.##
Mitchell, K. N., Gómez, M. S. R., Barrera, A. L. G., Flores, L. Y., de la Torre, J. A. F., González, F. J. A., 2016.
Evaluation of Environmental Risk of Metal Contaminated Soils and Sediments Near Mining Sites in Auascalientes,Mexico. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 97 (2): 216–224.##
Olubunmi, F. E., & Olorunsola, O. E., 2010. Evaluation of the status of heavy metal pollution of sediment of Agbabu bitumen deposit area, Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 41 (3): 373–382.##
Paatero, P., 1997. Least squares formulation of robust non–negative factor analysis. Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems, 37(1): 23–35.##
Paatero P, Hopke PK, Song X–H, Ramadan Z., 2002. Understanding and controlling rotations in factor analytic models. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 60: 253–264##
Paatero, P., & Tapper, U., 1994. Positive matrix factorization: A non‐negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values. Environmetrics, 5 (2): 111–126##
Pekey, H., Pekey, B., Arslanbaş, D., Bozkurt, Z. B., Doğan, G., Tuncel, G., 2013. Source apportionment of personal exposure to fine particulate matter and volatile organic compounds using positive matrix factorization. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 224(1): 1–11.##
Polissar, A. V., Hopke, P. K., Paatero, P., Malm, W. C., Sisler, J. F., 1998. Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska: 2.
Elemental composition and sources. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 103(D15): 19045–19057.##
Polissar, A. V., Hopke, P. K., Poirot, R. L., 2001. Atmospheric aerosol over Vermont: chemical composition and sources. Environmental science & technology, 35(23): 4604–4621.##
Reimann, C., Arnoldussen, A., Englmaier, P., Filzmoser, P., Finne, T. E., Garrett, R. G., Nordgulen, Ø., 2007. Element concentrations and variations along a 120–km transect in southern Norway–Anthropogenic vs. geogenic vs. biogenic element sources and cycles. Applied Geochemistry, 22(4): 851–871.##
Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3— Chemical Methods, (methodsofsoilan 3): 417–435.##
Sharma, S. K., Mandal, T. K., Jain, S., Sharma, A., Saxena, M., 2016. Source Apportionment of PM2. 5 in Delhi, India Using PMF Model. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 97 (2): 286–293.##
Sofowote, U. M., McCarry, B. E., Marvin, C. H., 2008. Source apportionment of PAH in Hamilton Harbour suspended sediments: comparison of two factor analysis methods. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(16): 6007–6014.##
Stocklin, J. & Eftekharnezhad, J., 1969. Zanjan Quadrangle map, with explanatory text. Geol. Survey. Iran, scale 1:250,000.##
Turekian, K. K., Wedepohl, K. H., 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72(2): 175–192.##
Udayakumar, P., Jose, J. J., Krishnan, K. A., Kumar, C. R., Manju, M. N., Salas, P. M., 2014. Heavy metal accumulation in the surficial sediments along southwest coast of India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72 (6): 1887–1900.##
Vaccaro, S., Sobiecka, E., Contini, S., Locoro, G., Free, G., Gawlik, B. M., 2007. The application of positive matrix 304 Boroumandi et al. Geopersia, 9 (2), 2019##
factorization in the analysis, characterisation and detection of contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 69 (7): 1055–1063.##
Wang, D., Tian, F., Yang, M., Liu, C., Li, Y. F., 2009. Application of positive matrix factorization to identify potential sources of PAHs in soil of Dalian, China. Environmental Pollution, 157 (5): 1559–1564.##
Wang, Q., Xie, Z., Li, F., 2015. Using ensemble models to identify and apportion heavy metal pollution sources in agricultural soils on a local scale. Environmental Pollution, 206: 227–235.##
Zhang, C., Li, Z., Yang, W., Pan, L., Gu, M., Lee, D., 2013. Assessment of metals pollution on agricultural soil
surrounding a lead–zinc mining area in the Karst region of Guangxi, China. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 90(6): 736–741.##
Zhang, C., Wu, L., Luo, Y., Zhang, H., Christie, P., 2008. Identifying sources of soil inorganic pollutants on a regional scale using a multivariate statistical approach: role of pollutant migration and soil physicochemical properties.Environmental Pollution, 151 (3): 470–476.##
Zhang, Z., Juying, L., Mamat, Z., 2016. Sources identification and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bortala River, Northwest China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 126: 94–101.##
Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Sun, W., Huang, B., Shi, X., Ji, J., 2010. Spatial interrelations and multi–scale sources of soil heavy metal variability in a typical urban–rural transition area in Yangtze River Delta region of China. Geoderma, 156 (3–4): 216–227.##