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برآورد و تعیین الگوی فضایی نیاز آبی درخت سیب در ایران | ||
| اکوهیدرولوژی | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 5، شماره 1، فروردین 1397، صفحه 149-160 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ije.2017.237443.665 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمزه احمدی1؛ غلامعباس فلاح قالهری* 2؛ مسعود گودرزی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار | ||
| 2استادیار، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار | ||
| 3استادیار، پژوهشکدۀ حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری ایران، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بررسی نیاز آبی در طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری و تأمین مصرف آب در کشاورزی اهمیت دارد. مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف برآورد و تعیین الگوی فضایی نیاز آبی درخت سیب با استفاده از آمار ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی طی سال‌های 1364 تا 1392 در مناطق کشت درخت سیب در ایران انجام شد. ابتدا تبخیر– تعرق مرجع سالانه براساس مدل فائو، پنمن– مانتیث برآورد شد، در ادامه نیاز آبی مراحل رشد درخت سیب تابستانۀ گلاب کهنز و سیب پاییزۀ رد دلیشز مشخص شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از محاسبۀ ETo سالانه و نیاز آبی مراحل رشد با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS10.2 بهصورت الگوی فضایی برای هر واریته مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد میزان ETo سالانه در مناطق شمال شرق و نیمۀ جنوبی محدودۀ کشت سیب به بیش از 2 هزار میلیمتر میرسد. درختان سیب تابستانۀ گلاب کهنز نسبت به واریتههای پاییزۀ رد دلیشز نیاز آبی کمتری دارند و مرحلۀ میانی رشد در درختان سیب بیشترین نیاز آبی را دارد. تغییرات مکانی تبخیر– تعرق و نیاز آبی درخت سیب بیشتر ناشی از عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریاست. از شمال به جنوب و از غرب به شرق مناطق کشت درخت سیب در ایران، میزان نیاز آبی افزایش مییابد. مناطق شمال شرق و دامنههای مجاور نواحی داخلی ایران و همچنین نواحی جنوبی در مناطق کرمان و یزد در مناطق کشت درختان سیب، تبخیر – تعرق سالانه و نیاز آبی دارند، بنابراین انتخاب واریتههای با نیاز آبی کمتر در این مناطق مهم است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تبخیر – تعرق مرجع؛ توزیع مکانی؛ درخت سیب؛ نیاز آبی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation and determination of spatial pattern of Apple tree water requirement in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamzeh Ahmadi1؛ Gholam Abbas Fallah Ghalhari2؛ Masoud Goodarzi3 | ||
| 1Geography Department, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevr. Iran. | ||
| 2Assisstant Professor, Faculy of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Evaluation of water requirement in designing irrigation systems and water supply in agriculture is important. The aim of this study was to estimate and determine the spatial pattern of water requirement of apple tree using weather stations statistics from 1985 to 2013 in apple tree cultivation areas in Iran. Initially, annual reference evapotranspiration was estimated based on the FAO, Penman-Monteith model, In the following, the stages of growth the summer apple Kohanz crab and autumn apple Red-Delicious were identified. Eto calculation annual results and water requirement of growth stages were identified using ArcGIS10.2 as a spatial pattern for each variety. The results showed that the annual ETo in the North-Eastern and Southern regions of the apple cultivation area cultivar reaches more than 2000 mm. The summer apple Kohanz crab has less water requirement than autumn apple Red-Delicious varieties and the middle stage of growth in apple trees have the highest water requirement. The spatial changes in evapotranspiration and water requirement apple trees are due to altitude factor. From the north to the south and from the West to the East, the apple cultivation areas in Iran increases the amount of water requirement. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| apple tree, Reference Evapotranspiration, Spatial pattern, Water requirement | ||
| مراجع | ||
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