پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 6,223 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,680 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,879,776 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,552,068 |
Trade and National Security: A Test for Best-Known Hypothesis | ||
| Iranian Economic Review | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 21، شماره 2، شهریور 2017، صفحه 403-431 اصل مقاله (758.46 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ier.2017.62110 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Maryam Asghari* ؛ Elham Oliagard | ||
| Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan | ||
| چکیده | ||
| National security depends on soft power, the ability of a country to generate and use its economic power and to project its national values. It also depends on long-term factors that contribute to economic growth and increase the total resources base available not only for defense but to provide economic security in the form of income and business opportunities for individuals. The economic issues related to national security are both broad and complex. The economy and economic tools, however, enter into national security considerations in several other ways that include economic sanctions, export controls, economic incentives, expeditionary economics, and economic issues as a cause of conflict. The best-known hypothesis linking trade and conflict among nation-states says, given other thing countries that trade more with each other are less likely to go to war. The argument is a simple application of the theory of self-enforcing cooperation in repeated games. This paper focuses on the effect of trade integration between Iran and its important trading partners include Italy, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Switzerland, Russia, Netherland, Belgium, Sweden, UK, Austria, on Iran’s national security over 1980-2015. The results indicate that the trade integration has positive effect on Iran’s national security in this period and the best-known hypothesis is valid. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Keywords: Notional Security؛ trade؛ Best-Known Hypothesis؛ Iran. JEL Classification: F19؛ F52؛ N45 | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Albrecht, J. (1998). Environmental Costs and Competitiveness: A Product-Specific Test of the Porter Hypothesis. University of Ghent, Working Paper, Retrieved From
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=137953&rec=1&srcabs=69089&alg=7&pos=10
Ambec, S., & Barla, P. (2006). Can Environmental Regulations be Good for Business? An Assessment of the Porter Hypothesis. Energy Studies Review, 14(2), 42-62.
Ambec, S., Cohen, M. A., Elgie, S., & Lanoie, P. (2011). The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Discussion Papers, Retrieved from http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9305644.pdf.
Baldwin, J. (2010). The Pacific Asian Financial Crisis, Indonesian Forests, and ‘US’: Synthesizing a Multi-Perspective Application of Massey’s Space. The California Geographer, Retrieved From
Baldwin, R. E. (2010). 21st Century Regionalism: Filling the Gap between 21st Century Trade and 20th Century Trade Rule. WTO Staff Working Paper, Retrieved From
http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201108_e.pdf.
---------- (1980). Economic Development and Growth (2nd Ed.). Huntington, NY: R.E. Krieger Pub Co.
Barbieri, K. (1996). Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or a Source of Interstate Conflict? Journal of Peace Research, 33(1), 29-49.
Barnett, J. (2003). Security and Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, 13, 7-17.
Bayer, R., & Rupert, M. C. (2004). Effects of Civil Wars on International Trade 1950–92. Journal of Peace Research, 41(6), 699-713.
Bazzi, S., & Blattman, C. (2011). Economic Shocks and Conflict: The Evidence from Commodity Prices. American Economic Journal, 6(4), 1-38.
Berman, N. (2009). Financial Crises and International Trade: The Long Way to Recovery. EUI Working Papers, Retrieved From
http://www.iae.csic.es/investigatorsMaterial/a822215060357763.pdf
Bruckner, M., & Ciccone, A. (2010). International Commodity Price Shocks, Growth, and the Outbreak of Civil War in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Journal, 120, 519-534.
Buzan, B. (1984). Economic Structure and International Security: The Limits of the Liberal Case. International Organization, 38(4), 597-624.
Commander, S., Kangasniemi, M., & Winters, A. L. (2003). Brain Drain: Curse or Boon? IZA Discussion Paper Series, Retrieved From
http://www.abdeslammarfouk.com/uploads/1/6/3/4/16347570/wber.pdf
Constantini, V., & Crespi, F. (2008). Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies. Ecological Economics, 66, 447-460.
Dembinski, M., Hasenclever, A., & Wagner, W. (2004). Towards an Executive Peace? The Ambivalent Effects of Inter-Democratic Institutions on Democracy, Peace and War. International Politics, 41(4), 543-564.
Dixit, A. (2009). Governance Institutions and Economic Activity. Journal of American Economic Review, 99(1), 5-24.
Docquier, F., Lohest, O., & Marfouk, A. (2007). Brain Drain in Developing Countries. UCL Discussion Paper Series, Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40282242.
Eichengreen, B., Rose, A. K., & Wyplosz, C. (1996). Contagious Currency Crises. NBER Working Paper, Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9eb6/53b58afc2d21f2b7feadb885c04b6f271ca3.pdf.
Esty, D., & Geradin, D. (1998). Environmental Protection and International Competitiveness: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of World Trade, 32(3), 5-46.
Forbes, K. (2001). The Asian Flu and Russian Virus: Firm Level Evidence on How Crises are Transmitted Internationally. NBER Working Paper, Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kristin_Forbes/publication/2829823_The_Asian_Flu_and_Russian_Virus_Firm-Level_Evidence_on_How_Crises_are_Transmitted_Internationally/links/0c96052995c258fe53000000.pdf.
Gartzke, E., Li, Q., & Boehmer, C. (2001). Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict. International Organization, 55(2), 391-438.
Gilpin, R. (1981). War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Glick, R., & Rose, A. K. (1999). Contagion and Trade: Why are Currency Crises Regional? Journal of International Money and Finance, 18, 603-617.
Grether, J. M., & De Melo, J. (2002). Globalization and Dirty Industries: Do Pollution Havens Matter? CEPR/NBER International Seminar on International Trade “Challenges to Globalization”, Retrieved from
https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:55390/ATTACHMENT01.
Hakim, L. (2009). The Global Financial Crisis and Economic Integration. Indonesian Regional Science Association (IRSA), Retrieved from
http://iseisolo.org/sites/isei/files/hasil-kajian /The %20 Global% 20F inancial %20Crisis%20and%20Economic%20Integration_paper.doc.
Hirschman, A. O. (1945). National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Iacovone, L., & Zavacka, V. (2009). Banking Crises and Exports: Lessons from the Past. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, Retrieved from
http://www-wds. worldbank. Org /servlet /WDSContentServe r /WDS P/IB/2009/08/18/000158349_20090818165636/Rendered /PDF/WPS5016. pdf.
Kali, R., & Reyes, J. (2005). Financial Contagion on the International Trade Network. University of Arkansas Working Paper, Retrieved from http://comp.uark.edu/~kali/networkcontagion.pdf.
Kaminsky, G. L., & Reinhart, C. M. (1996). The Twin Crises: The Causes of Banking and Balance of Payments Problems. Federal Reserve Board Discussion Paper, Retrieved From
https://ideas.repec.org/p/fip/fedgif/544.html
Levinson, A., & Taylor, M. S. (2008). Unmasking the Pollution Haven Effect. International Economic Review, 49(1), 223-254.
Long, A. G., & Leeds, B. A. (2006). Trading for Security: Military Alliances and Economic Agreements. Journal of Peace Research, 43(4), 433–51.
Long, A. G. (2003). Defense Pacts and International Trade. Journal of Peace Research, 40(5), 537–52.
Lucas, R. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
Mansfield, E. D., & Pevehouse, J. C. (2003). Institutions, Interdependence, and International Conflict. In G. Schneider, K. Barbieri, & N. P. Gleditsch (Eds.), Globalization and Armed Conflict. London: Routledge.
---------- (2000). Trade Blocs, Trade Flows, and International Conflict, International Organization, 54(4), 775-808.
Mansfield, E. D., Pevehouse, J. C., & Bearce, D. H. (1999). Preferential Trading Arrangements and Military Disputes. Security Studies, 9(1-2), 92-118.
Maoz, Z. (2009). The Effects of Strategic and Economic Interdependence on International Conflict across Levels of Analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 53(1), 223-240.
Markusen, J. R. (1999). Location Choice, Environmental Quality and Public Policy. In J. C. J. M. Van Den Bergh (Ed.), Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Martin, P., Mayer, T., & Thoenig, M. (2010). The Geography of Conflicts and Free Trade Agreements. CEPR Discussion Paper, Retrieved from
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/97/30/14/PDF/cepr-dp 7740 .pdf.
---------- (2008a). Make Trade Not War? Review of Economic Studies, 75(3), 865-900.
---------- (2008b). Civil Wars and International Trade. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2-3), 541-550.
Mathys, N. (2002). In Search of Evidence for the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (Unpublished Master’s Thesis).Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Murty, M. N., & Kumar, S. (2003). Win–Win Opportunities and Environmental Regulation: Testing of Porter Hypothesis for Indian Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Environmental Management, 67(2), 139-144.
Oneal, J. R., Russett, B., & Berbaum. M. L., (2003). Causes of Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations. International Studies Quarterly, 47, 371-393.
Oneal, J. R., Oneal, F. H., Maoz, Z., & Russett, B. (1996). The Liberal Peace: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict 1950-85. Journal of Peace Research, 33(1), 11-28.
Porter, M. E., van Der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4), 97-118.
Puri, S., & Ritzema, T. (2000). Migrant Worker Remittances, Micro -Finance and the Informal Economy: Prospects and Issues. International Labor Organization (ILO) Working Paper, Retrieved from http://www.gdrc.org/icm/remittance/shivani.html.
Rose, A. K., & Spiegel, M. M. (2009). Cross-Country Causes and Consequences of the 2008 Crisis: International Linkages and American Exposure. NBER Working Paper, Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew_Rose/publication/227356663_Cross-Country_Causes_And_Consequences_Of_The_2008_Crisis_International_Linkages_And_American_Exposure/links/0fcfd508576e836531000000.pdf
Stoessel, M. (2001). Trade Liberalization and Climate Change. The Graduate Institute of International Studies, Retrieved from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.489.2901&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
Ulph, A. (1999). Strategic Environmental Policy and Foreign Trade. In J.C.J.M. Van Den Bergh (Ed.), Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 703 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 569 |
||